SMART SCIENCE

An automated water pump system for farmers or any user needing it for filling tanks as well as for using water supply. The system consists of a pump motor along with LCD and gsm modem controlled by a microcontroller. The system allows users to remotely switch on/off motor as well as the system consists of an automated water sensing system that automatically switches off the pump motor as soon as it senses that water supply has stopped and the motor is on a dry run. Our system uses a GSM modem to send and receive user commands and it then operates the pump motor based on user SMS. The system also consists of IR sensors to detect water flow through the pipe as long as water flow is detected through pipe the pump motor runs. As soon as the sensor detects water supply has stopped the microcontroller is notified of the dry run condition. The system now notifies the user that it has shut down the motor on noticing dry run condition.

A green house is where plants such as flowers and vegetables are grown. Greenhouses warm-up during the day when sun-rays penetrates through it, which heats the plant, soil and structure. Green houses help to protect crops from many diseases, particularly those that are soil borne and splash onto plants in the rain. Greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon and beneficial to human being. Numerous farmers fail to get good profits from the greenhouse crops for the reason that they can’t manage two essential factors, which determines plant growth as well as productivity. Green house temperature should not go below a certain degree; High humidity can result to crop transpiration, condensation of water vapor on various greenhouse surfaces, and water evaporation from the humid soil. To overcome such challenges, this greenhouse monitoring and control system comes to rescue. This project demonstrates the design and implementation of a various sensors for greenhouse environment monitoring and controlling. This greenhouse control system is powered by microcontroller it consists of temperature sensor, light sensor, soil moisture sensor, LDR sensor, LCD display module, DC fan, Bulb and pump. Temperature sensor senses the level of temperature. If it goes high DC fans gets on and when the temperature goes low the fan gets off. Soil moisture sensor, senses the water level as the level decreases the pumps gets on. In the absence of light, the LDR sensor senses and the bulb start glowing. By this way it will become easy to monitor and control the system.

Crops in farms are many times ravaged by local animals like buffaloes, cows, goats, birds etc. This leads to huge losses for the farmers. It is not possible for farmers to barricade entire fields or stay on field 24 hours and guard it. So here we propose automatic crop protection system from animals. This is a microcontroller based system uses a motion sensor to detect wild animals approaching near the field. In such a case the sensor signals the microcontroller to take action. The microcontroller now sounds an alarm to woo the animals away from the field as well as sends sms to the farmer so that he may know about the issue and come to the spot in case the animals don’t turn away by the alarm. This ensures complete safety of crops from animals thus protecting the farmer’s loss.

The objective of this project is to monitor the flood situation & send alert in case of danger in the form of text message. The main objective of this project is to detect rising water level in a river at a reasonable distance from the rail track/ roadways and intimate that to the respective authorities through SMS, to take appropriate action. Floods lead to a vast loss of life and property in many countries. But in developing countries the lack of proper technology leads to more loss of life and property due to flood. This is due to lack of flood detection systems. Our project solves problem by implementing an early flood detection mechanism. In this project we will connect electrodes at different levels. Electrodes will be interfaced with µC through comparator. GSM modem containing a SIM card will be connected to µC. At the other end mobile will be used. Mobile number of user will be stored in µC coding. Whenever water level reaches to electrodes. SMS will be sent to mobile.

Surveillance plays a major role for intelligence gathering, prevention of crime, the protection of a process, person, group or object, or the investigation of crime. In case of farmlands or agricultural lands is very important to protect the area from animals. There are many techniques undertaken to prevent human intruders, but they fail to protect from the main enemies of farmers that are animals which destroy the crops. There is a huge need to keep away scarecrows and wild animals. To avoid such damages farm protector drone can be used. In this farm protection system, the Farm protector drone helps to protect the farm from this damage. It will surveillance the farm, a farmer can keep watch on their farms, by keeping an hour difference. They can fly this drone manually just by sitting at one place, they can see the entire farm view. If they find birds or animals destroying the farm, they can press the button on the remote which will further make sound and the animals will run. This drone will save the time of the farmer and also helps to protect their farm.

This project is used to control and measure the BLDC motor speed by using an IR speed sensor mechanism. There is a need for controlling a DC motor speed in industries that uses drilling, spinning, lathes, elevators etc therefore this system provides an efficient mechanism for increasing or decreasing the speed. The project comprises of three phases. The first one is input phase where desired speed is entered using switches. The second phase i.e. processing enables a RPM reference of motor by interfacing IR sensor mounted on shaft and microcontroller in the circuit. Microcontroller generates PWM pulses according to the input or switches to regulate the supply of DC power to motor. And the last phase i.e. output uses an opto-isolator and a MOSFET for driving BLDC motor. The IR sensor measures the speed and sends it to microcontroller that displays it on LCD.

The idea of implementing this project is to detect and prevent the forest fire remotely by using a RF / Zigbee communication. The entire transmitter circuit is located in forest with different sensors like smoke and fire detectors, which are powered with solar-panel system. The embedded circuitry in the transmitter circuit collects processes the data and sends the by RF/ Zigbee communication module. On the receiver side a RF / Zigbee-transceiver receives these signals and correspondingly alerts the fire engines by GSM and also actuates the fire protecting or fire extinguisher equipment in the forest remotely.

The project is a home automation system that uses GSM to control the home appliances remotely. It overcomes the limitations of conventional wall switches that have to be operated by physically going near to then and switch on the button. The system uses GSM by which one can control home appliances by texting designated number for particular load. One can operate it from home phone or by making a SMS to home number from outside. The system uses GSM technology that receives commands from phone and produces digital output which initiates relay driver to switch ON/OFF the load appliances.

The project consists of a Power meter reader system with gsm (sms sender device) interface. The energy department needs to send its employees every month in order to take energy meter readings. This is an expensive as well as a time consuming system. Our project determines a more efficient way to get energy meter readings. Both Electricity Company as well as user get their energy meter readings via sms every month. User may also control the system using sms.

Our project proposes to minimize the energy consumption and thus reduce the power loss in industries and establishments by making use of a number of shunt capacitors. This substantially reduces the electricity bill in industries and establishments. The power generated by inductive as well as magnetic loads in order to create a magnetic flux is known as reactive power which is a non working power. An increase in the reactive power increases the apparent power, thus decreasing the power factor. With low power factor there is an increase in the need of energy to meet industry demands, this decreases the efficiency. The project program controls the working and actuates required number of relays from the output that will get shunt capacitors into load circuit in order to get power factor until it reaches unity.

The project aims at protecting the induction motor with a supply of low voltage at start and then gradually increasing the voltage so that the motor can be operated smoothly. Due to supply of abrupt voltage at start the motor may gets damaged and many times the windings gets burnt. Hence the project aims at giving a smooth start to the motor by using the concept of SCR firing angle control. Two anti parallel SCR are used that are connected in series with the motor. During the start of the motor a firing angle is delayed by the delayed pulses received from operational amplifier. The op-amp compares zero voltage pulse and develops a saw-tooth voltage which is then compared to a varying voltage produced by charging and discharging of a capacitor, thereby producing delayed pulses for triggering SCRs. For demonstration purpose, instead of motor a lamp is used in this project.

The project aims at protecting the induction motor with a supply of low voltage at start and then gradually increasing the voltage so that the motor can be operated smoothly. Due to supply of abrupt voltage at start the motor may gets damaged and many times the windings gets burnt. Hence the project aims at giving a smooth start to the motor by using the concept of SCR firing angle control. Two anti parallel SCR are used that are connected in series with the motor. During the start of the motor a firing angle is delayed by the delayed pulses received from operational amplifier. The op-amp compares zero voltage pulse and develops a saw-tooth voltage which is then compared to a varying voltage produced by charging and discharging of a capacitor, thereby producing delayed pulses for triggering SCRs. For demonstration purpose, instead of motor a lamp is used in this project.

The project is designed to automatically supply continuous power to a load through one of the four sources of supply that are: solar, wind, mains, generator, and inverter when any one of them is unavailable. Switches are used for four respective sources. These are connected to a microcontroller family that provides input signals to it. Whenever a switch is pressed it shows the absence of that particular source. A relay driver is used that receives microcontroller generated output and switches that particular relay to provide continuous power supply. A lamp is used as a load for demonstration purpose which draws power from main. When main fails to supply power, automatically next available source is used say inverter. If inverter fails then the next one is used and so on. An LCD is also used to display which source is being currently used for power supply. Therefore, this project provides an effective solution to provide an alternative power supply during frequent power cuts.

A green house is where plants such as flowers and vegetables are grown. Greenhouses warm-up during the day when sun-rays penetrates through it, which heats the plant, soil and structure. Green houses help to protect crops from many diseases, particularly those that are soil borne and splash onto plants in the rain. Greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon and beneficial to human being. Numerous farmers fail to get good profits from the greenhouse crops for the reason that they can’t manage two essential factors, which determines plant growth as well as productivity. Green house temperature should not go below a certain degree, High humidity can result to crop transpiration, condensation of water vapor on various greenhouse surfaces, and water evaporation from the humid soil. To overcome such challenges, this greenhouse monitoring and control system comes to rescue. This project demonstrates the design and implementation of a various sensors for greenhouse environment monitoring and controlling. This greenhouse control system is powered by microcontroller it consists of temperature sensor, light sensor, soil moisture sensor, LDR sensor, LCD display module, DC fan, Bulb and pump. Temperature sensor, senses the level of temperature. If it goes high DC fans gets on and when the temperature goes low the fan gets off. Soil moisture sensor, senses the water level as the level decreases the pumps gets on. In the absence of light, the LDR sensor senses and the bulb start glowing. By this way it will become easy to monitor and control the system.

This project aims at driving an induction motor in forward and backward direction wirelessly for specific applications. For instance, the project can be used to rotate an exhaust fan in both directions. Here a squirrel cage induction motor is used to describe the process in clockwise and anticlockwise direction. The direction is controlled using a TV remote. On pressing a button, the TV remote transmits an IR signal to IR receiver .The receiver receives the signal and sends an output to microcontroller. A relay driver IC is interfaced with microcontroller that switches in by-stable mode for split-phase induction motor to rotate in both directions.

An automated water pump system for farmers or any user needing it for filling tanks as well as for using water supply. The system consists of a pump motor along with LCD and gsm modem controlled by a microcontroller. The system allows users to remotely switch on/off motor as well as the system consists of an automated water sensing system that automatically switches off the pump motor as soon as it senses that water supply has stopped and the motor is on a dry run. Our system uses a GSM modem to send and receive user commands and it then operates the pump motor based on user SMS. The system also consists of IR sensors to detect water flow through the pipe as long as water flow is detected through pipe the pump motor runs. As soon as the sensor detects water supply has stopped the microcontroller is notified of the dry run condition. The system now notifies the user that it has shut down the motor on noticing dry run condition.

The project is an automatic load operation system that controls load operation, multiple numbers of times according to programmed instruction. The project eliminates the manual ON/OFF switching of load. Timer is used to the time and automatically switches ON/OFF the load. This project is required for load shedding time management which is used when the electricity demand exceeds the supply and there comes a need for manually switching ON/OFF the electrical devices in time. Hence this system eliminates the manual operation by automatically switching the load ON/OFF. A matrix keypad or push button switches are interfaced with the microcontroller from where the specified time is input to the microcontroller. When this input time equals to the real time, based on the commands the microcontroller initiates that particular relay to switch ON/OFF the load.

The project aims at developing a system capable of identifying abnormalities in voltage or frequency in order to detect a synchronization failure of a power source. Real life power grids consist of Hydro, thermal, solar etc power sources connected in synchronization to power the plant. These sources are supposed to supply power in accordance to grid rules. These rules include voltage and frequency variations within certain limits. A deviation off these limits must lead to that data source being disconnected from the grid with immediate effect. This is known as islanding. This is used to avoid a huge brown out or black out through the power grid. Our system is designed to warn the grid in advance of a power failure so that the grid may use other backup data sources when needed so as to avoid total power failure. Our system demonstrates this using a microcontroller. The MC is used to detect the voltage and frequency from a set of comparators. Since the frequency cannot be varied, a frequency generator is used for this purpose. A standard variac is also used with it in order to vary the input voltage to the system. A normal load/lamp is used to demonstrate a predicted black out or power failure in case of out of limit voltage/frequency variance.

Growth in population has led to growth in technology. People use car on large number and number of accidents taking place, is increasing day-by-day. Road accidents are undoubtedly the most frequent happening cases and overall, the cause of the most damage. There are many dangerous roads in the world like mountain roads, narrow curve roads, T roads. Some mountain roads are very narrow and they have many curves. The problems in these curve roads are that the drivers are not able to see the vehicle or obstacles coming from another end of the curve. If the vehicle is in great speed then it is difficult to control and there are chances of falling off a cliff. Hence there is a need of many road safety systems. To avoid these problems in curve roads of mountain areas, proposed this vehicle accident prevention system. This accident prevention system using sensors is powered by micro controller; it consists of IR sensors, LED lights, and buzzer. When two cars pass from the opposite side of a mountain curve the IR sensor senses the car and LED color changes to red and raises the buzzer giving signal of danger and then it changes one LED color into green to allow the one car to pass and then the other LED color turns green. In this way we can prevent the accidents of curved road.

The proposed project aims at providing low voltage to induction motors through star to delta conversion. Star Delta is basically used to lower the current rate applied to motor at start and after that full load current is applied. The project uses a set of relays that helps in shifting the motor connections from star to delta along with a time delay and six lamps in place of 3 phase motors where a single phase motor is represented by two lamps. In star mode, a system is used that starts a 3 phase motor at 440V AC mains supply 50Hz with a set of 12V DC relays and in delta mode, this is electronically adjusted with a timer. At starting, i.e. in star mode, the lamps would glow dim and in delta mode operated by timer it will glow with full intensity. This indicates that the supply voltage in star mode was 440 roots of 3 whereas in delta there was full voltage supply of 440V. The timer and its output are fed to relay so that the mains supply gets changed from 3 phase star to delta.

The IOT industry protection system using Arduino is a system designed to protect industries from losses due to accidents using Internet of things. Gas leakages may lead to fires leading to huge industrial losses, also instant fire detection is needed in case of furnace blasts or other conditions. Also low lighting in industries may create improper work conditions increasing the probability of accidents. The system makes use of arduino to achieve this functionality. The system makes use of temperature sensing along with light and gas sensing to detect fire, gas leakage as well as low lighting to avoid any industrial accidents and prevent losses. The system consists of light, gas and temperature sensors interfaced with arduino and LCD screen. The sensor data is constantly scanned to record values and check for fire, gas leakage or low light and then this data is transmitted online. The wifi module is used to achieve internet functionality. The IOT server then displays this information online, to achieve the desired output.

The electric motor is a most crucial drive in the modern era of automation. These motors are used in various industrial applications. But these motors can be protected from the different mechanical and electrical faults for helping their purposes. This project discusses about a protection system for induction motor from emerging faults using embedded microcontroller. The induction motor experiences various kinds of electrical faults such as over voltage or under voltage, unbalanced voltage, overload, earth fault, phase reversing and single phasing. Due to these faults, the windings in the motor gets heated which lead to reduce the life of the motor. The faults in motor may occur due to faults in the motor or in the driven plant, conditions executed by the external power supply n/w. The degree of the induction motor depends on the applications and costs of the motor.

Home automation system is nothing but a term used to describe the working of all household appliances. A centrally controlled LCD touch screen panel is the best example of home automation system as it is used to control the appliances like air conditioners, heaters, security systems, video systems, audio systems, home theatre installations, kitchen appliances and lighting systems.

Home automation system is nothing but a term used to describe the working of all household appliances. A centrally controlled LCD touch screen panel is the best example of home automation system as it is used to control the appliances like air conditioners, heaters, security systems, video systems, audio systems, home theatre installations, kitchen appliances and lighting systems.

Flooding is usually brought on by an increased quantity of water in a water system, like a lake, river overflowing. On occasion a dam fractures, abruptly releasing a massive quantity of water. The outcome is that a number of the water travels into soil, and ‘flooding’ the region. Rivers are involving river banks, in a station. Aside from lack of products and house and office property, streets infrastructure flood water consists of bacteria and sewage flow of waste sites and chemical spillage which leads to a variety of diseases afterwards. Flood predictions need information like: The speed of change in river stage on a real-time basis, which may help indicate the seriousness and immediacy of this threat. Understanding of the form of storm generating the moisture, such as length, intensity and areal extent, which is valuable for discovering potential seriousness of the flood. In this system we make use of a controller with water sensors, rain sensors to predict flood and alert respective authorities and sound instant alarm in nearby villages to instantly transmit information about possible floods using IOT. The water sensors are used to measure water level of 3 different locations. Also 3 different rain sensors are used to measure rain level of those 3 areas. These sensors provide information over the IOT using controller. On detection of conditions of flooding the system predicts the amount of time it would take to flood in a particular area and alerts the villages/areas that could be affected by it. The system also calculates the time it would take for flood to reach them and provides a time to people so that they can evacuate accordingly.

Energy generation companies supply electricity to all the households via intermediate controlled power transmission hubs known as Electricity Grid. Sometimes problems arise due to failure of the electricity grid leading to black out of an entire area which was getting supply from that particular grid. This project aims to solve this problem using IOT as the means of communication and also tackling various other issues which a smart system can deal with to avoid unnecessary losses to the Energy producers. IOT Smart Energy Grid is based on controller which controls the various activities of the system. The system communicates over internet by using Wi-Fi technology. A bulb is used in this project to demonstrate as a valid consumer and a bulb to demonstrate an invalid consumer. The foremost thing that this project facilitates is re-connection of transmission line to active grid. If an Energy Grid becomes faulty and there is an another Energy Grid, the system switches the Transmission Lines towards this Grid thus facilitating uninterrupted electricity supply to that particular region whose Energy Grid went OFF. And this information of which Grid is active is updated over IOT webpage where the authorities can login and can view the updates. Apart from monitoring the Grid this project has advances capabilities of monitoring energy consumption and even detects theft of electricity. The amount of electricity consumed and the estimated cost of the usage gets updated on the IOT webpage along with the Energy Grid information. Theft conditions are simulated in the system using two switches. Switching one each time will simulate a theft condition and also will notify the authorities over the IOT interface. In this way the Smart Energy Grid project makes sure that the electricity supply is continuous and helps in maintaining a updated record of consumption and theft information which is quite a valuable information for the energy producing companies.

Home automation system is nothing but a term used to describe the working of all household appliances. A centrally controlled LCD touch screen panel is the best example of home automation system as it is used to control the appliances like air conditioners, heaters, security systems, video systems, audio systems, home theatre installations, kitchen appliances and lighting systems.

This project provides a password based circuit breaker system using IOT. Quite a lot of fatal accidents happen with line men due to electric shocks. It is a result of miss-coordination or miscommunication between power men and substations. The project aims to solve this issue by making use of IOT. The IoT based Circuit Breaker is a system with high response time, which uses the interconnection network (internet) to control electrical loads. This system uses a wifi module paired with microcontroller locally to connect to the internet. It is also equipped with an LCD display which shows the state of each load connected to the system, either On or Off. A user or operator at the other end can remotely connect with the system using an internet device and an interface named “IoT”. Here, the user or operator has to log in on IoT interface passing through an additional layer of security that is Password Protection. From the IoT interface, the user can control the state (on/off) of the connected loads remotely, virtually from anywhere around the globe. This system has an advantage over other remotely operable circuit breakers as it uses a faster medium which is the internet to connect the operator and loads. The additional speed is added with the use of quick electrical circuit breaking solution using the transistors, instead of relays which are comparatively slower as they mechanically break the circuit. This system is indispensable when industrial safety comes to play, as a use of such circuit breaking systems removes any chance of common accidents, such as electrical shocks.

Energy crisis is one of the major problems that the world faces today. The energy crisis can be reduced to a certain extent by properly monitoring our energy consumption and avoiding energy wastage. Nowadays people face many problems like power theft. Power theft may be a measure crime and it also directly affects the economy of our country. This system will find energy theft easily. This IOT electricity meter is consisting of microcontroller with a WIFI module for IOT connection and GSM module for mobile connection, on which users will receive information via SMS. This smart electricity meter also consists of a current sensor that sends the current reading to the microcontroller. We have to connect cell phones with the system via SMS which will help to configure with the system. In case of an emergency, the information will be shared on the configured number. We have to set costs for the unit and for which we have four buttons. With the help of buttons, we can set costs for the unit. As we start the system, it shows reading on the IOT screen. Reading will be changed with respect to time. In the case of energy theft, the theft will be caught and displayed on the IOT screen. Even the information will be received through SMS on the configured number. After receiving the alert, the operator can switch off the system using IOT to avoid theft. It also shares turn off the message of the system on the cell phone.

The project shown here explains a tripping mechanism for a three phase power system. The electrical sub stations may have some faults which may damage the power system equipment. So to avoid this tripping mechanism is employed. system using IOT to avoid theft. It also shares turn off the message of the system on the cell phone.

This project shows the controlling of appliances connected to the power grid using a PC remotely. It consists of RF transmitter and receiver, microcontroller and monitors voltage, current and temperature of transformer.

This particular project is an application of Internet of Things (IoT) Technology. The main theme of this electrical project is to develop a device that can monitor the moisture content of the soil and humidity and turn on the water pump automatically whenever the moisture drops below a threshold value. This device can also be programmed to send the user an update via email regard to the moisture level changes from a remote location.

This project aims to acquire various substation parameters like current, voltage, temperature, power etc., remotely via GSM communication. Thus, the remote operator can analyze these parameter values and take corresponding control action. A user can remotely operate the substation equipments like circuit breakers relays etc.

Advanced way of controlling home appliance or any electrical appliances from a conventional manual switch pressing system. It uses an Android mobile with a user graphical interface application in it. The control circuit is attached to a number of devices to be controlled through a relay mechanism with a Bluetooth communication module. Android mobile has to pair with the receiver side Bluetooth modem; once it is paired with the modem ,user can send control signals to corresponding appliance to control it. At the receiver side, microcontroller manages the all the actuators for different loads depending on the control signals from the user.

A simple low-power inverter circuit is described here, which converts 12V DC into 230V AC. It can be used to power very light loads like night lamps and cordless telephones, but can be modified into a powerful inverter by adding more MOSFETs.

Our project aims to start a 3 phase induction motor with a soft or steady start. A 3 phase induction motor requires a high power to start since it directly attends its full speed. This leads to a high electrical mechanical jerking as well as generation of high electrical electric stress on induction motor windings. This may result in induction motor failure due to high stress/windings getting burnt/ override and other similar issues. The best way to avoid this is to start the induction motor smoothly and slowly/steadily gain speed till the motor reaches maximum speed. The project provides a soft steady start to induction motor based on SCR firing trigger through introducing a quite brief delay and then the delay is gradually reduced till zero voltage triggering is achieved. This leads to a low voltage start and then full voltage after gradual increases. So the motor starts smoothly and reaches its full speed steadily.

Our project allows checking the three phase supply sequence. Knowing the phase sequence of three phase motors is quite an important thing. Considering if the motor uses a pumping action, even a single phase reversal that results in the wrong sequence may lead the motor to run in the wrong the direction. Well it may also lead to fail permanently due to dry run of the motor. Hence project is a solution to phase and temperature.

The project Voice controlled home automation project helps to control the electrical loads based on Bluetooth input signal. The Bluetooth device receives this input signal from android device. This system is especially beneficial in case of handicapped or aged people who find it difficult to walk and operate the electrical switches to turn on or off the loads. This system solves this issue as now the user just has to give voice commands to turn on or off the loads. Here 4 loads are used to demonstrate light, fan, heater and AC. All these loads can be individually turned ON/OFF or all loads at the same time. This system solves the issue by interfacing a unit with home appliances that switches these loads based on the input received from android device.