SUPERNOVA

This project introduces an intelligent blind rod and navigation platform based on ZigBee / Bluetooth technology. This blind rod can detect and analyze the situation on road and warn the blind people to avoid obstacles by ultrasonic measurement. The navigation platform based on ZigBee / Bluetooth technology can help the blind people to know different directions the path leads to. This intelligent blind rod can better serve for the blind’s independent travel.

For enhancing the self-caring ability of senior citizen, releasing the pressure of the warding people, a family living supporting system, which is very useful for the paralyzed patients or some people with mobility difficulties, is proposed. It is composed of the wireless transmitting unit, the speech recognition module and the network communication part. A speech recognition processing algorithm is designed to get some command messages from the user. The system not only uses these commands to control some household equipment, but also sends some helping signals via wireless network. If the family members aren’t prompt to respond to these helping messages, these messages will be transmitted by network communication part to the community service center for assistance immediately. It has some advantages of low-cost, low-power, high-performance, and easy-operation and so on. As a result, it could be employed as a terminal of health-care of hospital or home

In recent years, the frequent occurs of landslide disasters, caused great harm to people’s lives and properties. This project designs some wireless sensor monitoring node distributed on the hillside, they construct a wireless data connection network based on Zigbee / Bluetooth / RF. This combines GSM technology and wireless technology, it have completed the work from the system solution to whole process of software and hardware design. The result proves that each node work stably and the status of network communication is good. This design can collect depth of the water in the mountain and slope angle of the hillside, and provides the monitoring center with warning information in time, so related departments can take effective measures rapidly to protect peoples and property.

This project provides the design of a Medical Monitoring Terminal use MCU and Zigbee / RF technology. The Monitoring Terminal can detect the patient’s real-time body temperature, heart rate and other physiological information’s, and transmit them to the control center.

In this work, low-cost, portable microcontroller based electronic queue control (EQC) systems have been developed for the purpose of controlling queue in banking, hotel reservation counter, ticket counter, insurance company, customer service center etc. The aim of the designed systems is to maintain a queue with order and efficiency. Two different queue control systems have been implemented with slightly different features. In EQC system-I, a general display has been used for displaying token number and service counter number whereas in EQC system-2, each token number has been displayed individually in each service counter with separate displays. In the both systems, each customer has to collect a token and then will be served whenever the token number is displayed. The systems were designed around 8-bit PIC / 8051 microcontroller and entirely software controlled. The control programs have been developed using the PIC / 8051 Embedded C / ASM. Finally, the systems have been tested under different conditions to evaluate their performance.

As vehicle manufacturers continue to increase their emphasis on safety with advanced driver-assistance systems (ADASs), we propose a device that is not only already in abundance but portable enough as well to be one of the most effective multipurpose devices that are able to analyze and advise on safety conditions. Mobile smartphones today are equipped with numerous sensors that can help to aid in safety enhancements for drivers on the road. In this project, we use the accelerometer of an Android-based smartphone to record and analyze various driver behaviors and external road conditions that could potentially be hazardous to the health of the driver, the neighboring public, and the automobile. Effective use of these data can educate a potentially dangerous driver on how to safely and efficiently operate a vehicle. With real-time analysis and auditory alerts of these factors, we can increase a driver’s overall awareness to maximize safety.

This project aims at designing robot, which can be used as a service provider to serve the guests, customers etc at the home, hotel, restaurant etc, which can replace the person who works as a server. It works in three modes as follows  Automatic(Line following) Mode  Manual(Remote) Mode and  Voice activation (should respond according to the voice commands).

A remote control is presented that enables finger disabled people to easily control various types of devices and appliances. It uses an Android smartphone, a Bluetooth/infrared conversion unit, and user gestures. Experimental evaluation demonstrated that it is easily usable by non-disabled people, except for the electronic program guide function.

As the age of the humans increase most of the people lose their eye sight nowadays, they face more problems in their daily routine life, one such example is persons with low visibility can’t operate mobiles in the emergency conditions whenever they need help from required persons, (requirement of doctor). Blinds also find problem while walking they faces problems of obstacle appearance in front of them which may be hazardous for them. It is impossible to make a blanket generalization about how the blind were treated in literature beyond that point – they were marvelous, gifted, evil, malicious, ignorant, wise, helpless, innocent, or burdensome depending upon who wrote the story – except to say that blindness is perceived to be such a loss that it leaves an indelible mark on a person’s character. To overcome these various problem faced by low sight and old aged people we have come up with an solution which helps them to walk freely and fulfill their requirements using speech reorganization and intimate to the person by text message with the area where the patient is, and calling to specified persons. This project also helps in monitoring the heart rate and body temperature smoke detection and intimation and one more added feature is sensing the darkness and illuminating the light/torch automatically.

In this project we present the design framework of a shopping assistant system to be used in supermarkets mainly by elderly or disabled people. The whole system is based on the interaction of three different kinds of electronic devices: a) mobile devices that users carry with them (smart phones or electronic tablets), b) autonomous mobile robots assisting users by displaying information and carrying groceries; and finally, c) the supermarket technological infrastructure (database servers, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth access points, etc.). These components interact through a common technological platform, allowing the user to prepare his/her shopping list, and then using it with the robot as an assistant, during his/her shopping process

Remotely Enabled Electronic Digital Tele voting Machine is a new concept upgraded after Normal voting machine. TO accomplish this there must be a system which senses the telephone call. After sensing the call the unit must enable our circuit to watch the activities done on the phone (Cell phone also) Like what number has been pressed. Since IVRS is emerging as an interactive system for users it makes voting easy and safe. We can get an immediate voice Feedback. Using this project we can use our normal telephone as a vote casting machine. To cast a vote the user must first press a telephone number and wait for that to be connected. Then he will be asked to enter his code number first. He must enter a unique code first to ensure that he is a valid person to vote or not. After confirmation he will be given choices to cast his vote (1 – BJB, 2 – Congress, 3 - Others). Then the user must enter a valid choice to cast his vote. Then he can disconnect that line by pressing # key in the telephone or cell phone. Once the user has made a vote, he is not allowed to vote again and the details like Counting the vote for candidates can be immediately viewed on the computer screen and as well as in the Seven Segment Display / LCD also. A Led Indication is also given in GREEN and RED, whether the User has given a valid Vote or not

The objective of voting is to allow voters to exercise their right to express their choices regarding specific issues, pieces of legislation, citizen initiatives, constitutional amendments, recalls and/or to choose their government and political representatives. Technology is being used more and more as a tool to assist voters to cast their votes. To allow the exercise of this right, almost all voting systems around the world include the following steps: · voter identification and authentication · voting and recording of votes cast · vote counting · publication of election results

Secured wireless data communication is one of the prime concerns in these days in many fields. Most important data and confidential information have to be transmitted more secretly that only the concerned receiver can understand that. So the data is encrypted and sent. If any unauthorized user tries to know that information, he/she cannot do that as it is being encrypted by using a key and the corresponding algorithm. The encrypted data is called “Cipher text”. This cipher text is being sent to the concerned receiver along with the key and algorithm, so that he/she can decrypt that and know the actual information. Most of the times the data is being sent in such a way that an unauthorized user cannot find out whether the data is being sent or not. It is sent along with the noise signal by using digital communication techniques for more protection. This project is used to communicate or transmit a text message from one place to another place through wireless (RF). The text message is encrypted by using the Microcontroller and the encrypted message is transmitted through wireless. At the receiver end, the signal is received by the standard receiver and the digital signal is fed to the Microcontroller and it is decrypted by the Microcontroller and the message is displayed over the LCD display. The Microcontroller is used to do the above work. It gets data from the keyboard and encrypts with a private algorithm and at the receiver end the Microcontroller decrypts it with the same algorithm and display the data over the LCD display. “Monoalphabetic Substitution Algorithm” or “Polyalphabetic Substitution Algorithm” is used for encrypting and for decrypting the data. In future We can use several receivers and the message from the transmitter can be sent to all the receivers at the same time. Each receiver can be accessed separately by its address.

Vehicles have become an integral part of every one's life. Situations and circumstances demand the usage of vehicles in this fast paced urban life. As a coin has two sides, this has its own effects, one of the main side effects being air pollution. Every vehicle will have emission but the problem occurs when it is beyond the standardized values. The primary reason for this breach of emission level being the incomplete combustion of fuel supplied to engine, which is due to the improper maintenance of vehicles. This emission from vehicles cannot be completely avoided but, it definitely can be controlled. With the evolvement of semi-conductor sensors for detecting the various gases, this project aims at using those semi-conductor sensors at the emission outlets of vehicles which detects the level of pollutants and also indicates this level with a meter / LCD. When the pollution/ emission level shoots beyond the already set threshold level, there will be a buzz in the vehicle to indicate that the limit has been breached and the vehicle will stop after a certain period of time , a cushion time given for the driver to park his/her vehicle. During this time period, the GPS starts locating the nearest service stations. After the timer runs out, the fuel supplied to the engine will be cut-off and the vehicle has to be towed to the mechanic or to the nearest service station. The synchronization and execution of the entire process is monitored and controlled by a micro controller. This project, when augmented as a real time project, will benefit the society and help in reducing the air pollution.

This project presents the development of a methodology to manage the mechanic vibration and temperature from Small Wind Turbine (SWT). The objective with this research is propose a new diagnostic and protection tool through analysis and monitoring signals of vibration and temperature from wind turbines, aiming predict a need of preventive maintenance and mostly avoids catastrophic failures. For this feature the system will be composed of an accelerometer that will identify vibration, thermocouples to identify the temperatures at critical points of wind turbine, a microcontroller hardware which will make acquisition and processing of signals from sensors and finally a wireless transmission system using technology ZigBee. The post processing is performed remotely through a computer that receives the data submitted via wireless network presenting them to the user via graphical interface. The software of User friendly interface will have the functionality plus online display of received data also the possibility of storing and reporting data rates of vibration and temperature obtained during monitoring. Finally featuring the prototype of the hardware and software as well as some results obtained in experimental scale.

Traffic congestion and tidal flow management were recognized as major problems in modern urban areas, which have caused much frustration and loss of man hours. Approach: In order to solve the problem an intelligent RFID traffic control has been developed. It has circumvented or avoided the problems that usually arise with systems such as those, which use image processing and beam interruption techniques. RFID technology with appropriate algorithm and data base were applied to a multi vehicle, multi lane and multi road junction area to provide an efficient time management scheme. A dynamic time schedule was worked out for the passage of each column. RFID together with Internet and GSM technologies are anticipated to create a revolution in traffic management and control systems. The data base contains online statistical information, which can be used by operators and planners to develop better models in the future.

In this project a low voltage, low drop-out (LDO) voltage regulator design procedure is proposed and implemented using 0.25 micron CMOS process. It discusses a 3 to 5V, 50mA CMOS low drop-out linear voltage regulator with a single compensation capacitor of 1pF. The experimental results show that the maximum output load current is 50mA and the regulated output voltage is 2.8V.The regulator provides a full load transient response with less than 5mV overshoots and undershoots. The active layout area is 358.28um × 243.30um.

The aim of this project is to develop a low cost single cell isolation system incorporating a digital versatile disc burner (DVD RW) optical pickup. Single cell isolation system or optical tweezers as they are popularly called are used in various fields from medicine to research to isolate, manipulate and study a particular cell without physically touching it. They are extensively used in cell sorting and to characterize molecular motors; used to probe the cytoskeleton; to measure the visco-elastic properties of biopolymer and to study cell motility. In conventional setups, sophisticated equipment and elaborate design are used to achieve satisfactory results. However, DVD RW optical pickups are readily available modules which contain the required laser power and the focusing optics to provide a steady Gaussian beam capable of optically trapping micron sized colloids and red blood cells (RBC's). Utility of the pickup will be demonstrated through the non-destructive isolation and maneuvering of such particles in a static colloidal mixture. The integrated objective lens focusing coils are used to steer the optical trap across the sample, resulting in the isolation of colloids using a very inexpensive off the shelf optical component. With the use of a simple microscope, optical pickup and CCD video camera, the result can be verified. Later, the video camera can be substituted with a position detector to further reduce the cost and make the arrangement easier to construct and simpler to use.

Vote casting is the right of every citizen. But Now-a- days it become obscure because of fretful, counterfeit and fake voters. To defeat these situations a technique for vote casting using EMP (Electromagnetic Proximity card) card has been established. The vote shedding using EMP card provides the voting ease, simple and safe worthy. We get an immediate feedback response as soon as our vote is registered. The response will be given through LED and LCD display. The Main leads of this project are Trouble free, Safe Security and Inexpensive.

Probably one of the most interesting technologies in industry today is the wireless technology. This statement is not founded on the “latest and greatest” in communications break through. All too often we hear how evolving technology will unshackle us from the traditional “pairs of wires” which provide our present day communication. Wireless however has been around for decades in variations and techniques. Only recently have newer applications breathed life back into mundane services, sparking international interest in the applications, bandwidths and legality of wireless communication. Today everyone is buzzing about the future of the wireless world and our abilities to communicate in general. This project deals with the DRL (Day Time Running Lamp) voice communication. DRL communication links are used. Visible light communication (VLC) is a data communications medium using visible light between 400 THz (780 nm) and 800 THz (375 nm). Visible light is not injurious to vision. The technology uses fluorescent lamps (ordinary lamps, not special communications devices) to transmit signals at 10 Kbit/s, or LEDs for up to 500 Mbit/s. Low rate data transmissions at 200 metre and .5 kilometres were demonstrated. RONJA achieves full Ethernet speed (10 M bit/s) over the same distance thanks to larger optics and more powerful LEDs.

The invention of the semiconductor devices in the beginning of the 20th century ushered in a revolution in electronics. Technical feats previously requiring relatively large mechanically fragile, power hungry vacuum tubes were suddenly achievable with tiny, mechanically rugged, power-thirsty specks of crystalline silicon. This revolution made possible the design and manufacture of lightweight, inexpensive electronic devices that we now take for granted. The truly incredible changes in the solid state technology associated with electronics over the past three decades have certainly been the driving force for most of the growth in the field of electrical engineering. Objectives as follows. . . ● TodetectafaultydeviceinanassembledPCB. ● Todeterminewhetherthedeviceisdeadorstillalive. ● Tocheckthesolidstatedevicesinandoutofthecircuit

Autonomousnavigationrequires1.Mapgeneration2.Localizationoftherobotinthemap3.Obstacleavoidancewhilenavigating 4. Path planning Dynamic and possibly unknown environments pose a greater challenge to each of the above aspects. In the proposed work we wish to investigate into the effectiveness of vision based methods in path planning in dynamic environments.A pointofconsiderationisthepossibleuseoflearningalgorithmsforextractionoffeasiblepathsfornavigation,basedonasetof features extracted from sequence of images obtained from vision sensors.

The ‘Online Device Controller (ODC) is a multi-channel hardware administration system that has been developed to enable the control of equipments and appliances from any part of the world, through the Internet. The concept of ODC is a relatively new one, and makes use of Common Gateway interface (CGI), a very powerful technique that was hitherto used solely for e-mail, database accessandother‘soft’purposesinvolvingdynamicwebpagecontent.But,throughthisprojectwehavemadeanattempttobring a very powerful but often unknown and underutilized aspect of CGI; the same technique used to manipulate our e-mail accounts can equally well be applied to access the parallel port of the web server, and control hardware throughit. Ourproject,the‘OnlineDeviceController’allowsaremoteusertologintotheWebserverandcontrolthedevicesconnectedto the server. Also provided is the feature to control the same devices locally, through a CordlessTelephone. The present product offers the facility to remotely control an ON/OFF device and an Intensity Variable load, through the Internet, and locally through a Cordless telephone and is a product of paramount significance in office, industrial and household applications. .

Short for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, an FDM modulation technique for transmitting large amounts of digital data over a radio wave. OFDM works by splitting the radio signal into multiple smaller sub-signals that are then transmitted simultaneously at different frequencies to the receiver. OFDM reduces the amount of crosstalk in signal transmissions Need: The need for this project arises when we want the data communication to be protected from others. This is highly essential in the military field and especially during war times. Because during war periods when a particular army wants to send a message to remotely located units, which belong to the same army, in between any person can trap the data when it is transmitted through wireless. Our aim of the project is to accomplish this; we have used a PC as a sender and PIC /8051 microcontroller as a receiver station. The message to be sent is fed in to the computer for different units. The computer will Encrypt the data using generating a duplicate Character for a real one. At the receiving end the PIC/8051 microcontroller then Decrypts the Received data and displays the message on the display. The communication takes place through a Wireless RF Transmitter and Receiver operating at 433.92 MHz To ensure the security level at the receiving end we have a password protection. Once the Message is received the unit will give an

This project is an advanced system for Automation and Vehicle Tracking. Here this system is designed to automatically keep track if vehicle’s movement, the details like Owner’s Name, Date of registration, Vehicle Model, accident alert, vehicle locking etc. • The first application is to identify the vehicles which are stolen or if the vehicle has to betracked. • In second application we are taking care to avoid the corruption which is done by the traffic police by collecting the unbilled amount from thepublic. • In third application we have implemented on attractive feature that is if the vehicle is met with any accident in city limits or in highways then the moment it gets hit from any object information will be sent to the police station or hospital viaGSM. • In fourth application vehicle locking part is being implemented if the vehicle is stolen then we will be getting informationthatvehicleisstolenbysomeonethenthisprojecthasthefacilitytolockthevehicleusingourmobile phones.

Nowadays Advertisement is necessary for any of the product to come out as a successful product. Advertisement involves several ways such as Ads, Posters, thro media like TV, Radio and now even thro SMS Messages in cell phones etc. Here is another way where we can advertise a product and by the same time we get the feedback regarding it. This is done with the help of the embedded system. A call is made to a phone number with the help of a dialer circuit and once the call is made a prerecorded message is played for few minutes. If the user is interested in the advertisement he will be listening to it for a greater amount of time and if he is not, he will disconnect the call. Software loaded in the computer is able to generate the reports according to the duration of thecalls, which can be converted to sales.

We have Designed a system which comprises of essential hardware and software for monitoring the parameters through wireless Communication. To control the temperature of the air adjacent an infant in an incubator, is to circulate the air within an incubator with a blower driven by a motor and to vary the blower speed based on the temperature of the air within the incubator. Thermistor for sensing air temperature and motor controllers are known and have been used to control the temperature of the air adjacent an infant in an incubator and to reduce the blower speed and thereby the associated noise in the enclosure. It is also necessary to monitor the CO2 Level in the incubator Frequently, so that if the CO2 Level increases, In such a case, an oxygen valve is also actuated, for the infant to breathe properly. We have to attach transducers to infants in an incubator to directly measure the infant’s temperature, respiration rate, pulse, and other physiological parameters and sent to a remote computer through wireless for processing the data. Sensors Involved inMeasurement: 1. Co2Sensor 2. Thermistor 3. Heart BeatSensor

While quantitative information on global solar radiation and other environmental parameters is needed in many studies such as meteorology and the design of solar systems, it is difficult to obtain these data in remote areas where relevant data are required. This is mainly because such studies cover wide areas and also generate large amounts of data, such that the efficient acquisition, management and analysis of the data become tedious, time consuming and above all expensive. Given the labor intensiveness of this procedure and the potential for transcription errors, it is important to computerize the acquisition of data, data-file creation and analysis of the data. Hence a low-cost battery operated microcontroller-based data acquisition system that runs unattended was developed and applied to continuously monitor solar radiation on a horizontal surface. Monitoring as described herein deals with collection, recordingandtransmissionofthemeasureddatatothecomputerforarchivalstorageandoff-siteanalysisofthedataacquisition system performance.

Controller Area Network (CAN or CAN-bus) is a bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other without a host computer. CAN is a message-based protocol, designed specifically for automotive applications, now also used in other areas such as industrial automation and medical equipment. CAN protocol is a message-based protocol, not an address based protocol. An advantage of the message based protocol approach is that, all the nodes in the network need not be reprogrammed when a new node is added. Only the new node is programmed to receive specific messages depending on the ID. The purpose of the project is to study and implement Multi master serial bus communication using CAN. The communication takes place between two or more nodes (microcontrollers). And one of the nodes is connected to a personal computer, where the user can monitor functions of different nodes according to the environment where they are adapted. Multi master communication is chosen so that any of the nodes in the network can initiate communication. In case of simultaneous communication scenario, CAN bus is arbitrated depending on the message ID. This makes provision to assign priorities to the messages depending on their importance.

Bank is a place which undergoes usual threats of robbery and most of the times it happens. So it must be safe guarded under any circumstances for the safety of the society. To accomplish this We can use the current trends advanced sensors connected to an advanced micro controller to point out the events and sometimes even to fix it. This project includes the following features , • AccessControl • AlarmSystems • Glass breakSensor • Magnetic DoorContact • Seismic VibrationDetector • AssetManagement • Light GardLoop • EmergencyResponse • BillTrap • PanicButton • Fire and LifeSafety • Smoke and fireDetector • VideoSurveillance

Existing System: The Black Box The Black Box in the cockpit is only been elemental in recording the audio part, happening in cockpit and apparently the control station at the ATC obtains the deferred data as explained by Pilot and thus there is no automated system to obtain the instantaneous reports happening there. Moreover if the Pilot the asks for the replay of the process that had gone through, in his past-journey span while on-board and still at traveling, it’s not possible for the Base Station to relay the Replay of the information. Proposed System: Here we propose a system of automated information to be available to the Base, and also the instantaneous Relay of the Alert Levels and the Replay of the course of journey, the pilot had covered till the time back to him. Implementation: We split the project into 3 parts: • The Pilot’sside. • The External Hardwareimplementation. • The Control Base at ATC (Air-TrafficController).

This Project is used in Bottling Plants like Coca-Cola, Pepsi etc to fill the Beverages into the bottle automatically. The empty bottles are moved in the conveyor Belt and with the help of proximity sensors we can detect the position and stop the movement of the belt. Then a relay is energized to actuate the flow of Liquid. The flow is stopped when a maximum level is detected through another sensor. After filling the conveyor movement starts again and this process getsrepeated. In this project we can have Fire protection system (i.e.) when any fire accident is detected in that area immediately a relay is energized to pour the water on fire to put off the fire.

Security in travel is primary concern for everyone. This project describes an effective system that can monitor an automotive vehicle / car condition in travelling. This project is designed to inform about an accident of a vehicle or in short vehicle crash also the vitals of the driver (currently limited to heart beat ) to the nearest police station and hospital and can be modified as needed. The centre brain of this project is an ARDUINO/ PIC BOARD which uses ATMEGA PROCESSOR/CONTROLLER. This project uses a Piezo-electric sensor at the front of the car that senses the crash also a GPS sensor which tells the exact locationofthevehicleintermsoflatitudeandlongitude.ThisinformationalongwithothersensorssuchasCOsensor,temp sensor, heart beat is send to a GSM module.

The purpose of this project is to acquire the remote electrical parameters like Voltage, Current and Frequency and send these real time values over GSM network, using GSM Modem/phone along with temperature at power station. This project is also designed to protect the electrical circuitry by operating a Relay. This Relay gets activated whenever the electrical parameters exceed the predefined values. The Relay can be used to operate a Circuit Breaker to switch off the main electrical supply. User can send commands in the form of SMS messages to read the remote electrical parameters. This system also can automatically send the real time electrical parameters periodically (based on time settings) in the form of SMS. This system can be designed to send SMS alerts whenever the Circuit Breaker trips or whenever the Voltage or Current exceeds the predefined limits.

This project is to develop a system which constantly monitors the health status of a soldier in the war field and if any abnormalities are found, it is immediately transferred to the nearest base station, seeking the attention of the doctor. A soldier, while in the battle fields wears a suit which has inbuilt sensors into it with a temperature sensor included in it. When he is got injured or hit by other person the sensors inside the suit identifies the injured location For Ex Left hand, right leg, head etc and transfers it to a remote location. At the receiving end to draw the attention of the persons we have also included an Alarm system from the PC.

Our project is a working model, which incorporates sensors to measure all these parameters like Body temperature, ECG and Heart Beat rate, all enclosed into a coat. An Embedded Micro controller scans data from all this sensors and transfers it to the hospital by RF transmitter if there is an emergency situation. It also enables an alarm beep sound to indicate the patient.

Thisprojectismainlyconcernedaboutmonitoringpatient’sconditionsimultaneouslyviaWirelessNetwork.WirelessNetworkisa network that allows data transmitted to the node's nearest neighbors and it can be easily maintained as each node are self configuring and self healing. Data obtained from multiple heartbeats will be stored and processed using microcontrollers, and then transmitted to a centralized unit, where the information for multiple sensors will be displayedsimultaneously.

Inthisprojectwewillfixasysteminsoldier’spocket.Thatsystemhasasensorwhichconstantlymonitorstheheartbeatofthe soldier. When a soldier is hit or injured in the war his heart rate data can be collected using the sensor used. The location of the soldiercanbetrackedusingGPS(GLOBALPOSITIONINGSYSTEM).Thustheheartstatusandthelocationofthesoldiercanbesent to the base unit using GSM (GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION) technology.

Brushless direct-current motors (BLDC motors) also known as electronically commutated motors (ECMs, EC motors) are electric motors powered by electricity and having electronic commutation systems, rather than mechanical commutators and brushes. .

This SYSTEM is designed for security applications; to address the need for obtaining the visual information of an object exceeding speed limit and also for unmanned explorations. To support these applications our SYSTEM operates in two modes namely AUTOMATIC and MANUAL.

The conventional system of marking attendance is manually entering attendance in the register and entering the data to the campus automation software. This require lots of time. Our system proposes automated attendance marking system. This system consists of an attendance entering device (transmitter) and a main server (receiver). Using this method the data are entered directly into the automation software. The system is simple, easy to operate and the data is more secure. The system was tailor made for automated logging of attendance in schools and colleges.

In order to comply with the policies of energy saving, carbon reduction, and environmental protection, all of the electric equipment and energies are requested to satisfy the green demand. However, massive fuel oil vehicles result in serious air pollution and destruction environment. Therefore, the development of the electric vehicles (EV) or the hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) are becoming important policies in many countries. The secondary batteries are the main energy sources of the EV. Thus, energy management is the most important key factor in EV or HEV design. Nowadays, bidirectional converter applied in electric vehicles can provide energy stored in battery for driving motor and offer battery charging or energy recovery. Manyadvanced techniques, research results or control strategy related to the bi-directional converter are explored in succession.

The main aim of this project is to control the speed of an AC Induction motor by using the Variable Frequency control method. The project is to implement a simple and cost effective process to control the speed of AC induction motors using the most popular technique of voltage to frequency ratio (V/F) method.

This project presents a single phase digital prepaid energy meter based on microcontrollers. This digital prepaid energy meter does not have any rotating parts. The energy consumption is calculated using the output pulses of the energy meter chip and the internal counter of microcontroller.LCD is going to display the energyconsumption. A microcontroller is used as a smart card and the numbers of units recharged by the consumers are written in it. A relay system has been used which either isolates or establishes the connection between the electrical load and energy meter through the supply mains depending upon the units present in the smart card. As soon as the supply is restored, energy meter restarts with the stored values. . .

The objective of the project is to develop a Surveillance system, which can detect motion around the house using a camera, take visuals of the movements and store it. It should also be able to conduct Face detection (Image Processing) and alert the house in mates if there is someone at the doorstep. The alert is by means of an SMS and also through an LCD display system. The Home Surveillance system developed should also be cost effective and energy efficient. .

This project presents the library shelf management system. The system was developed using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). The research was developed in integrating the RFID system and the creation of Graphical User Interface (GUI) at the host PC. The scope of work of the research is to develop an automatic library shelf management system to assist the librarians for more efficient shelf management to find any misplaced books on the library shelf. GUI for the system was developed using Microsoft Visual Basic.Net. The GUI task is to store details information of the book to the database. Subsequently a Shelf ID was created and coded to the RFID tag. The system then used this code to find any misplaced book on the selected shelf.

This project presents a system for detection and classification of power quality (PQ) voltage disturbances. The proposed system applies the following methods to detect and classify PQ disturbances: digital filtering and mathematical morphology are used to detect and classify transients and waveform distortions, whereas for short- and long-duration disturbances (such as sags, swells, and interruptions), the analysis of the root-mean-square (RMS) value of the voltage is employed. The proposed combined approach identifies the type of disturbance and its parameters such as time localization, duration, and magnitude. The proposed system is suitable for real-time monitoring of the power system and implementation on a digital signal processor(DSP).

These quadriplegic patients are suffering with many problems such as the person cannot walk himself and cannot be able to do his work with his own. In some cases the patient suffering from quadriplegia could not even speak. To help these Quadriplegic patients to communicate we wish to propose a new mechanism where they will be able to communicate to anyone by various types of head movements as that is the only controllable part in their body. Paralyzed stroke patients are unable to normally communicate with their environment. For these patients, the only part of their body that is under their control, in terms of muscular movement, is their head. Some research in this area has focused on investigating new efficient communication tools for paralyzed patients for translating their head movements into appropriate communication messages. The main aim of this project is to present the design and application of an accelerometer based efficient human computer interface (HCI).

The project aims at designing an optimal power point tracking system for solar. The system is capable of maximum energy from solar panel without any mechanical tracking towards sun. Maximum Power Point Tracking, frequently referred to as MPPT, is an electronic system that operates the Photovoltaic (PV) modules in a manner that allows the modules to produce all the power they are capable of. MPPT is not a mechanical tracking systemthat“physicallymoves”themodulestomakethempointmoredirectlyatthesun.MPPTisafullyelectronicsystemthat varies the electrical operating point of the modules so that the modules are able to deliver maximum availablepower. The main controlling device of the whole system is a Microcontroller. Solar panel, voltage sensor, LCD, and load are interfaced to Microcontroller. The Microcontroller initially measures the voltage from solar panel without load connected. Also, the Microcontroller measures the voltage from solar panel under load conditions. The microcontroller takes the decision of operating the load through PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) until the maximum voltage is obtained from solar panel without degrading the load performance. To perform this intelligent task, Microcontroller is loaded with an intelligent program written using embedded ‘C’ language.

In wireless transmission of ECG, data latency will be significant when battery power level and data transmission distance are not maintained. In applications like home monitoring or personalized care, to overcome the joint effect of previous issues of wireless transmission and other ECG measurement noises, a novel filtering strategy is required. Here, a novel algorithm, identified as peak rejection adaptive sampling modified moving average (PRASMMA) algorithm for wireless ECG is introduced. This algorithm first removes error in bit pattern of received data if occurred in wireless transmission and then removes baseline drift. Afterward, a modified moving average is implemented except in the region of each QRS complexes. The algorithm also sets its filtering parameters according to different sampling rate selected for acquisition of signals. To demonstrate the work, a prototyped Bluetooth-based ECG module is used to capture ECG with different sampling rate and in different position of patient. This module transmits ECG wirelessly to Bluetooth-enabled devices where the PRASMMA algorithm is applied on captured ECG. The performance of PRASMMA algorithm is compared with moving average and S-Golay algorithms visually as well as numerically. The results show that the PRASMMA algorithm can significantly improve the ECG reconstruction by efficiently removing the noise and its use can be extended to any parameters where peaks are importance for diagnostic purpose

The design and development of a Zigbee smart noninvasive wearable physiological parameters monitoring device has been developed and reported in this project. The device detects if a person is medically distressed and sends an alarm to a receiver unit that is connected to a computer. This sets off an alarm, allowing help to be provided to the user. The device is battery powered for use outdoors. The device can be easily adapted to monitor athletes and infants. The low cost of the device will help to lower the cost of home monitoring of patients recovering from illness.

Ambient intelligence (AmI) considers responsive environments in which applications and services adapt their behavior according to the user’s needs and changing context. One of the most challenging aspects for many applications in AmI environments is location and orientation of the surrounding objects. This is especially important for effective cooperation among mobile physical objects in such smart environments. In this paper, we propose a robust indoor positioning system that provides 2-D positioning and orientation information for mobile objects. The system utilizes low-range passive radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. The proposed system, which consists of RFID carpets and several peripherals for sensor data interpretation, is implemented and tested through extensive experiments. Our results show that the proposed system outperforms similar existing systems in minimizing the average positioning error.

Throughout various complex processes within hospitals, context-aware services and applications can help to improve the quality of care and reduce costs. For example, sensors and radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies for e-health have been deployed to improve the flow of material, equipment, personal, and patient. Bed tracking, patient monitoring, real-time logistic analysis, and critical equipment tracking are famous applications of real-time location systems (RTLS) in hospitals. In fact, existing case studies show that RTLS can improve service quality and safety, and optimize emergency management and time critical processes. In this project, we propose a robust system for position and orientation determination of equipment. Our system utilizes passive (RFID) technology mounted on flooring plates and several peripherals for sensor data interpretation. The system is implemented and tested through extensive experiments. The results show that our system’s average positioning and orientation measurement outperforms existing systems in terms of accuracy.

However, the huge number of cars raises problems of its own; there are more and more car thefts, lost and violations of rules which are given serious attentions. The time which is spent on checking on the roads by the department of traffic charge, check and police has been taken too much. Meanwhile, vehicles overload problem is getting worse around the country. Because of the merits of high capacity, large services and economy, public buses have become the main means of urban traffic. To resolve this problem, most departments take care of this problem in traditional way, such as manual judgment and road checking. This traditional vehicle checking way has some faults such as leak checking, false checking, and is a heavy work for vehicle checking people, so it needs to find an intelligent mobile vehicle checking system to replace the traditional one. The new intelligent mobile 1vehicle checking system is designed to meet this need. Here we are developing new intelligent vehicle checking system based on ARM7 embedded processing technology, processing technology of digital videos, vehicle identification technology, GSM wireless mobile telecommunication technology, GPS positioning technique, implements the checking to vehicles which break the rules or owe the charge.

Wireless based industrial automation is a prime concern in our day-to-day life. The approach to Zigbee Based Wireless Network for Industrial Applications standardized nowadays. In this project, we have tried to increase these standards by combining new design techniques to wireless industrial automation. The personal computer based wireless network for industrial application using Zigbee can be adopted at micro and macro Industries, it has various types of Processors and Microcontrollers. Here Microcontrollers, Temperature Sensors, Zero crossing detector, Voltage regulators are used. The system is fully controlled by the Personal Computer through Visual Basics GUI (Graphical User Interface).The GUI is developed based on application by the user. All the processor and controllers are interconnected to personal computer through Zigbee. The Personal Computer will continuously monitor all the Data from remote processing unit and compare with value preloaded process structure. If any error is found the personal computer takes necessary action. Here star topology four node Zigbee network is tried. The first Zigbee is connected to the personal computer it acts as full function devices and is used to send and receive data from other nodes. The second, Zigbee are reduced function devices and they are used to control the speed of DC motor, temperature control and lamp illumination control respectively.

With the rapid development of national economy, automobiles have increased greatly as the human's important vehicles. However, it is the development of modern technology that makes the commit means of crimes become smarter and the automobiles stolen events more frequent. Electronics anti-theft is the most widely used among all the appliances at the moment. But the chip one and the network one are the developing directions of the auto-guard technology. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology which is passive, contactless, security and convenient identifies objectives automatically and gets the data through the radio frequency signals. It meets the need of the intellectualized guarding perfectly.GSM(Global System for Mobile Communication) is a case which is the most mature and widely used in mobile communication system. It ensures the information transmission so real-time, security and reliable that realizes the long distance control. This project is about a design of a new fashion auto-guard which is a smart measurement generalized in the automobile security area.

Renewable energy solutions are becoming increasingly popular. Photovoltaic (solar) systems are but one example. Maximizing power output from a solar system is desirable to increase efficiency. In order to maximize power output from solar panels, one needs to keep the panels aligned with the sun. As such, a means of tracking the sun is required. This is definitely a more cost effective solution than purchasing additional solar panels. It has been estimated that the yield from solar panels can be increased by 30 to 60 percent by utilizing a tracking system instead of a stationary array. In this project, a prototype for a microcontroller- based multi-function solar tracking system is described, which will keep the solar panels aligned with the sun in order to maximize efficiency. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) data can be transmitted in real time to other solar systems in need of this data.

This project presents the design and the implementation of a lighting system which is able to detect the approach of the visitors and then turn the lighting onto the normal intensity to let the exhibition be bright enough. All lightings are equipped with the energy-saving function which will turn itself to the dimming level automatically after the visitors’ leaving. PIR (Passive Infrared) sensors are utilized in the system instead of a video camera for the purposes of both cost-down and privacy issue. The lightings are also designed to have network interface to let them be able to be connected together to form an intelligent lighting system which can not only collect the exhibition information but also help the administrators to secure the exposition.

The environment is a global problem, and dust in industrial production of human environmental pollution in the largest and direct, is a worldwide problem. The industries of thermal power, metallurgy, cement and else enterprises discharge smokes and dusts everyday, which is a major source of air pollution. China attaches great importance to environmental protection. The electrostatic precipitator is widely used in various industries because of its advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption and wide applicability, which can deal with gas of high temperatures and great smoky, and the maintenance costs, is lower. This project describes the high-voltage pulse power supply controller, which can output pulse from 20 KHz to 50 KHz with the duty cycle of 12% to 50% adjustable. The electrostatic precipitator system consists of PC, high voltage pulse power device controller and the electrical dust collector, Directives was issued from the PC to adjust the pulse frequency and amplitude high voltage pulse

This demonstration shows a process to collect critical video clips from car black boxes using smart phones. Critical video clips in the black box are hashed to provide data integrity before being transmitted to the police server. Without VANET infrastructure, smart phones are very useful communication media for car black boxes.

Electric Vehicle (EV) technology is a promising way to reduce petroleum consumption as well as reduce environment pollution. The energy supply strategy is crucial to promote the application of battery EVs. Recently, the key restrict of EVs’ promotion and development has been lacking of charging and exchanging station for EVs with rapid development on EVs. This project expounds the design and realization of automatic monitoring system (AMS) for charging and exchanging station for EVs. The AMS adequately the system requirements of battery charging and exchanging, therefore, the prime design goals of AMS compose of two aspects: 1) voltage monitoring for battery stack while exchanging; 2) current monitoring for battery stack while charging. As a result, it is potentially very attractive for EVs’ promotion, as it can lead to an efficient and low cost implementation. The results of this project are of great importance to improve the energy supply system and guide the upcoming rigorous construction of energy supply facilities for EVs. We believe the proposed AMS will be used widely with the rapid development of EVs.

In this project a ZigBee/GPS Tracking System for Rowing Races is presented. The system provides real-time monitoring of boat position. Potential applications includes, race monitoring, aided-training and safety systems. The system is composed of two main types of modules, Mobile Units equipped with a GPS receiver (in the boat), and a fixed one composed by the Central Unit and the Race Manager, located in the operations room. The communication between the Central and the Mobile units is provided by a point to multipoint ZigBee wireless network. At the current development stage a system prototype was developed and used for testing purposes. Preliminary tests, in order to make a first assessment of system functionalities, were performed in a simulated land environment and the obtained results were promising.

A traveler assistant for public transport is described in this project. The main purpose of this system is to provide to the passenger real time information about the route, for example: estimated time to the next stop of the route or estimated time to the traveler destination, also if desired, tourist information about nearby interesting points. The application is designed for all kind of passengers, but it is especially useful for travelers with special needs or for those who are unfamiliar with a public transport network, for example tourists. Based on Bluetooth and Android technologies, the assistant has a clear and intuitive user interface permitting to the users a friendly interaction with the system and breaking down the barrier to entry for those users not accustomed to work with mobile software applications.

Our work aims at the unification of the three mentioned possibilities, creating an intelligent lamp post managed by a remote- controlled system which uses LED-based light sources and is powered by renewable energy (solar panel and battery). The first one, and perhaps the most intuitive, is the use of new technologies for the sources of light. In this area, light-emitting diode (LED) technology is the best solution because it offers any benefits. Researchers have already considered this possibility, designing an advanced street lighting system based on LEDs. The second possible solution, and perhaps the most revolutionary, is the use of a remote-control system based on intelligent lamp posts that send information to a central control system, thus simplifying management and maintenance issues. Researchers have developed a street lamp system using the general-packet radio service (GPRS), power-line carrier, or Global Systems for Mobile Communications (GSM) transmissions. Finally, the third possibility would be the use of renewable energy sources locally available, rather than conventional power sources, with a positive effect on the environment. Solar energy is the most important resource in this field.

This project focuses on the design and construction of an optimization charging system for Li–Po batteries by means of tracked solar panels. Thus, the implementation of a complete energy management system applied to a robotic exploration vehicle is put forward. The proposed system was tested on the VANTER robotic platform—an autonomous unmanned exploration vehicle specialized in recognition. The interest of this robotic system lies in the design concept, based on a smart host microcontroller. On this basis, our proposal makes a twofold significant contribution. On the one hand, it presents the construction of a solar tracking mechanism aimed at increasing the rover’s power regardless of its mobility. On the other hand, it proposes an alternative design of power system performance based on a pack of two batteries. The aim is completing the process of charging a battery independently while the other battery provides all the energy consumed by the robotic vehicle.

The project proposes an innovative design to develop a system based on PIC/8051 micro controller that is used for monitoring the voltage, current and temperature of a distribution transformer in a substation and to protect the system from the rise in mentioned parameters. Providing the protection to the distribution transformer can be accomplished by shutting down the entire unit with the aid of the Radio frequency Communication. Moreover the system displays the same on a PC at the main station which is at a remote place. Furthermore it is capable of recognizing the break downs caused due to overload, high temperature and over voltage. The design generally consists of two units, one in the substation unit, called as transmitter and display unit, and another in the Main station called as controlling unit. The transmitter and the display units in the substation is where the voltage, current and temperature are monitored continuously by PIC/8051 microcontroller and is displayed through the display unit. An RF transmitter is used for transmitting the signals that are obtained. The controlling unit in the main station by means of a PC and a RF receiver receives the RF signals that are transmitted by the Transmitter unit and reacts in accordance to the received signal. In general, the proposed design is developed for the user to easily recognize the distribution transformer that is suffered by any open or short circuit and rise in temperatures. The ultimate objective is to monitor the electrical parameters continuously and hence to guard the burning of distribution transformer or power transformer due to the constraints such as overload, over temperature and input high voltage. If any of these values increases beyond the limit then the entire unit is shut down by the designed controlling unit

In this project there will be sensors inside the home, if anybody comes forcibly to home the sensors output will give information to the system that somebody had came, then it will send the SMS to the owners mobile or make a call to police. This going to monitor the fire and smoke also, if it finds the smoke and fire its sends a SMS to owner. You can Also switch the Home or Industry Application by Sending an SMS.

Here, in our project we have used a Biometric Finger Print Sensor, Keypad and a PIC Micro controller for authentication of a person. A computer that is connected to the micro controller unit determines the authorization and Access control rights. After The validation process is over, The user will be asked for whether he is taking or returning the book. If he taking the book all the details likes Date, Time and the book name everything gets stored on the data base. While returning the software will calculate the no of days the book has been taken, and fine if any etc. All user access information is gathered by a central PC-based workstation where the administrators can retrieve and analyze the information.

Here, in our project we have used a Biometric Finger Print Sensor, Keypad and a PIC Micro controller for authentication of a person. A computer that is connected to the micro controller unit determines the authorization and Access control rights. After The validation process is over, The user will be asked for whether he is taking or returning the book. If he taking the book all the details likes Date, Time and the book name everything gets stored on the data base. While returning the software will calculate the no of days the book has been taken, and fine if any etc. All user access information is gathered by a central PC-based workstation where the administrators can retrieve and analyze the information.

The use of cutting-edge technologies will make driving in the future even more safe, comfortable and reliable. With the help of present technologies we can make the vehicles to be driven by authorized personnel only. For authorization of driving a car we use the voice recognition technology. We have used Voice recognition kit for this recognition. This IC processes the voice input, compares with the pre-recorded voice and gives an output to the embedded controller unit. The Car’s ignition system and door mechanism is controlled by an Embedded controller unit.

The use of cutting-edge technologies will make driving in the future even more safe, comfortable and reliable. The intelligent communication systems inform the owner in theft situations. The Car’s ignition system is controlled by an Embedded controller unit. The unit gets Unique codes from the owner or user of the car for 3 times (for Security purpose) and enables the ignition system relay so that the user can start the vehicle and it also displays the ‘Code Accepted’ message on LCD Display. If somebody tries to theft the vehicle he will be asked for the codes. If he types any code then the LCD display will say ‘Code Accepted’ but it won’t enable the ignition system relay so that he cannot start the vehicle. It also enables an Electromagnetic Lock System on the doors, so that the doors are closed permanently. The person inside will be locked by this operation. Furthermore it sends a Message to the owner of the vehicle to inform the theft of the vehicle. The Receiver which is in the hands of the owner gives a beep sound on sensing a signal from the TX to indicate the theft.

Parents phone number and children’s finger prints are scanned and stored at the time of admission in the child tracking system of the school bus. Later when the academic year begins their finger prints are matched with previously stored templates. If there is a match child is allowed to board the bus. If the parent wishes to know their child’s position or the route which the bus is travelling, they have to send a message to the phone number given to them at the time of admission. On receiving the message child tracking system will verify whether the parent’s number has been registered. If the number is registered then it will send information of latitude and longitude of the bus position. Software available on the android phone of the parent will interface this latitude and longitude values to the Google map. Thus parent will get to know their child's position. Modules used are GPS, GSM, ARM, 89v51, Fingerprint scanner.

In this project, a digitally programmable AC current source is built. The proposed technique provides the ability of digital trimming of the output current frequency and amplitude. The realization method is based on commercially available devices like digital to analog converter (DAC), voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), digital gain amplifier (DGA) and voltage controlled current source (VCCS). The proposed circuit offering high accuracy and linearity is suitable for measuring bio-impedance. Experimental result showing the circuit performance is also included.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a new generation of Auto Identification and Data collection technology which helps to automate business processes and allows identification of large number of tagged objects like books, using radio waves. RFID based Library Management system (LMS) would allow fast transaction flow for the library and will prove immediate and long term benefits to library in traceability and security. The proposed system is based on UHF RFID readers, supported with antennas at gate and transaction sections, and library cards containing RFID-transponders which are able to electronically store information that can be read / written even without the physical contact with the help of radio medium. This paper presents the experiments conducted to set up RFID based LMS.

Interactive Voice Response (IVR) is a software application that accepts a combination of voice telephone input and touch-tone keypad selection and provides appropriate responses in the form of voice, fax, callback, e-mail and perhaps other media. IVR is usually part of a larger application that includes database access. The operation is as follows. First a call to a specific number has to be made, then after connecting, a prerecorded voice will be heard, asking the user to switch on or switch off the cooling unit, or to set the set point for the tripping action or to know the status of the cooling unit. A necessary hardware is built with an embedded controller to perform corresponding action specified by the user. The hardware also comprises of a temperature sensor module and a relay unit for controlling action. The hardware unit is attached with the computer so that the actions can be indicated on the computer screen also. We can also generate voice outputs through computer multimedia speakers in the field side. The voices pertaining to the IVR System are generated using an APR9600, and are enabled or disabled by the PIC / 8051 Microcontroller.

This project is used to automate the house. This project has a provision for Switching of house hold devices like Fan, Tube lights, Televisions etc through telephone from anywhere in the world. This is achieved with the use of an Embedded Microcontroller and a Telephone Circuitry. To Accomplish this First a call is made from a remote telephone or Cell phone. Once the Call is made our telephone circuitry identifies it and establishes the call. Now the remote user can press the particular no for Switching on or switching off the devices. And then by entering the # key he can disconnect the call. The one main advantage of this project is we can get the feedback through Voice. I.e., After switching on a device we can hear a message in the cell phone stating that the “Air Conditioner Switched ON”.

This project is intended to control the temperature of water, automatically. It can be controlled without any human intervention, thereby avoiding a lot of effort. The above mentioned idea can be implemented using a thermistor. It is capable of sensing temperature over a wide range. It converts the sensed temperature into voltage, which is given to a comparator. Based on its output, the relay turns the mains load ON/OFF accordingly. By fitting a temperature sensor of suitable design, it can be used to detect both air and liquid ambient temperature.

A robot is designed and constructed with associated electronic circuits to move into an unknown location and transport the details of that unknown area to a home place. The Robot will have inbuilt sensors and cameras to achieve this. The system is made more useful by introducing artificial intelligence to it. By artificial intelligence, we mean designing the robot is such a manner that in situation which require decision making, the robot identifies the presence of the obstacle, alerts the user and moreover awaits instruction from the user for the further action. Other condition, which the robot can determine, is presence of fire. I.e., high temperature and presence of metals in vicinity.

This paper evaluates the development of a Low-cost security system using small PIR (Pyroelectric Infrared) sensor built around a microcontroller. The low-power PIR detectors take advantage of pyroelectricity to detect a human body that is a constant source of Passive Infrared (radiation in the infrared region). The system senses the signal generated by PIR sensor detecting the presence of individuals not at thermal equilibrium with the surrounding environment. Detecting the presence of any unauthorized person in any specific time interval, it triggers an alarm & sets up a call to a predefined number through a GSM modem. This highly reactive approach has low computational requirement, therefore it is well-suited to surveillance, industrial applications and smart environments. Tests performed gave promising results.

The reason for developing these kinds of vehicles is; if a “robot” or “machine” can do something a soldier can do, then there’s no reason to put the soldier into battle. Here’s a situation where tech kills and saves lives at the same time. The vehicle will cut down on deaths and casualties in the war. Even if the autonomous military vehicle (UGCV) replaces a soldier, it must have an extraordinary capability to surmount terrain obstacles as well as survive and recover from impacts with obstacles and unpredictable terrain. They must also be fuel efficient and highly reliable so that they can conduct long missions with minimal logistical support.

This intelligent robot is designed to help the handicapped person who moves on a wheel chair, instead of the handicapped person moves the wheel chair by his hand, the robot will automatically move to a particular direction as dictated by the person. Also the robot will sense the obstacles in front of it and changes the direction automatically.

In our project, we are basically concentrating on following applications such as: To continuously monitor the soil moisture. To continuously monitor the water level of well, to check the temperature, humidity and dew point so as to forecast the weather condition to monitor & control the whole system through GSM module.

The atmosphere is a complex dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on planet Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earth's ecosystems. OUR Project is Based on Pollution control that effects humans and causes various effects human body, that is mainly emissions of the vehicles which effects human respiration causing many problems. In our project we use eco-free Fans which act as exhaust fans which intake the emitted smoke causing pollution and makes breathing and pollution control easier.

The objective of this project is to design load shedding system by making use of microcontroller. The microcontroller gets the input data from the keyboard i.e. number of loads to be shed and the duration of load shedding. The LCD display is used display the data which entered by the key board. The microcontroller will switch OFF the specified load/s for specified period of time.

A wired sensor network-based automatic monitoring system is designed for monitoring the life conditions of greenhouse plants. The complete system architecture includes a group of sensors, a microcontroller, actuators and an ADC. For the interface of sensors, the 8051 micro-controller is adopted through an ADC. Through the sensors (Ex- Humidity, Temperature, Light Intensity & etc.) real-time environmental measurements are taken and for controlled by actuators (Ex – Pump, Sprayer, Cooler, Lights & etc.), when a measurement is beyond some pre-defined threshold. This indicates that this system is very useful for greenhouse environment monitoring.

The project of the HPP comprised of photovoltaic modules, wind turbine and diesel engine as a back-up. HPP is a centralized PV and wind power generation plant, using battery to store the produced dc current electricity. To cater for emergencies, a conventional diesel generator is also provided. The main component on HPP is the controller, an electronic device which automatically control when the back-up diesel engine shall start assisting with producing electricity.

Control system for modern house is based on the Intel’s 8051 family of microcontroller. Features: Mail Notification, Power saving, Water saving and LPG leakage Or Smoke detection. So, it saves huge electric bills by saving electricity, lights are only switched ON during night times or when visibility is poor, It speaks out voice message at a regular interval that a new mail has arrived, It sounds an alarm whenever a flooding is detected on the floor, It sounds an alarm when gas leakage or smoke is detected.

I am not going to explain very complex solution for this; neither have I claimed to be an expert traffic controller. If we could fix up some sort of transmitter system on the highways which can detect the speed of the vehicle and convey to the driver that he is not in the permitted speed limit in the particular area or he is in a no horn area, or even further, if the automatic breaking system could be actuated on over speed.

Several times food and other biological products are valued by their appearance. Human eye has been very helpful in judging the freshness, quality of the fruit. But the result may vary from one human grader to another. The adaptation of the human eye to small changes in the color and the background on the perceived color and color intensity are the main sources of error. Hence, it is hard to provide precise guideline for visual inspection of the fruits based on color, weight and shape. This project includes measurement of weight, sorting setup, conveyer system. In this Project we are using MATLAB software package to develop the image processing code.

In this project, a cycle of drilling process is automated with the help of a micro controller. Work pieces are queued on the conveyor and sensed by the sensor to stop the movement of the work piece at the required spot for the drilling process to be carried out. Here three stepper motors govern the movement of the conveyor, the drilling machine and the fixture. Thus these three stepper motors are controlled for the required sequence by the microcontroller. The microcontroller is interfaced with PC for the purpose of giving input parameters such as depth, conveyor belt speed and total no of jobs to be drilled.

Networking based patient monitoring system is used to monitor the different parameters of patients remotely and simultaneously. In this system the doctor can monitor different parameters of many patients by sitting in his room. Parameters of each patient are recorded with the help of a microcontroller. This project provides real-time update of the patient’s health to the doctor. It reduces the frequent visits of the doctors to the patient in person. This project helps in conserving paper and thus saving very important trees.

This project presents the development of a fully Automated Energy Meter which is having capabilities like remote monitoring and controlling of energy meter. Automatic Meter Reading system (AMR) continuously monitors the energy meter and sends data on request of service provider through SMS. It saves huge human labor. The data received from an energy meter has been stored in database server which was located at electricity Board station through SMS gate way for further processing by energy provider. Energy provider sends electricity bill either by e-mail, SMS or by post. This system also gives the power cut information and tempering alert. So GSM based AMR system is more efficient apropos convention billing system.

After some damaging blackouts, voltage stability & collapse happening all over the world & across our nation has become a concern problem. The major issue in these problem is the collapse of transmission system which is most suffered by the frequent variations load. In this project, we focus on the detection of most sensitive node in IEEE – 14 bus system. For doing the above said we are using PSAT (Power System analysis toolbox) a MATLAB Based Simulink & Simulation toolbox which utilizes L-index method for voltage stability analysis and sensitive nodes determination. In this work, firstly we have analyzed IEEE-14 bus system under the standard test data & after that we have increased load data by 5%,10%,15%,20%, 25%,30%,35%,45% and so on then we have compared all the result with the original power flow results of IEEE-14 bus system for finding a most sensitive node.

A controller design methodology for an n-stage cascade boost converter is given using average current-mode control. This class of converters has n-LC filters; thus, it will exhibit 2n-order characteristic dynamics. The proposed scheme employs the inductor current of the input stage and the capacitor voltage of the output stage; thus, there are (n 2 1) capacitor voltages and (n 2 1) inductor currents that are not used for feedback purposes. The sensed current can also be used for one-cycle overload protection; therefore the full benefits of current-mode control are maintained. Owing to the fact that this scheme uses only a reduced set of variables for feedback, it is important to study the internal stability. The results given in this study allow the designer to easily pinpoint the control circuit parameters that optimize the converter’s performance. Experimental results are given for a 100 W switching regulator where the robustness of the proposed controller is tested under changes in the input voltage and outputload.

Contingency analysis technique is being widely used to predict the effect of outages in power systems, like failures of equipment, transmission line etc. The off line analysis to predict the effect of individual contingency is a tedious task as a power system contains large number of components. Practically, only selected contingencies will lead to severe conditions in power system like violation of voltage and active power flow limits. The process of identifying these severe contingencies is referred as contingency selection and this can be done by calculating performance indices for each contingencies. In this project, the contingency selection by calculating two kinds of performance indices; active power performance index (PIP) and reactive power performance index (PIV) for single transmission line outage have been done with the help of MATLAB Simulink environment. The ranking of most severe contingency has been done based on the values of performance indices. Simultaneously the value of bus voltages and active power flow before and after the most severe transmission line contingency has been analyzed. The effectiveness of the method has been tested on IEEE-14 Bus test systems. It can be seen from the results that, based on the knowledge of PIP & PIV the most severe transmission line contingency can be identified and the effect of this contingency on the rest of the system can also be seen via post contingency analysis.

This project proposes a novel, power electronics system, an IGBT based Cyclo-Inverter, capable of converting power at the main frequency to a higher frequency. It finds its application in induction heating, fluorescent lighting, ballast, high frequency power supplies and so many other applications where high frequency reduces the size of equipment. A methodology is developed to generate the trigger signals for various IGBTs used in the cyclo-inverter such that the circuit is not restricted to a particular value of output frequency but it can produce any output frequency that is an integer multiple of the input supply frequency. Hardware design is obtained using readily available ICs and other components. The trigger circuit has been tested qualitatively by observing various waveforms on CRO. The operation of proposed system has been found to be satisfactory.

This project presents reviews on enhancement of the performance parameters such as voltage, current, power, sensor less control of three phase Induction Motor using multilevel converters. Authors strongly believe that this survey article will be very much useful to the researchers for finding out the relevant references in the field of enhancement of the performance parameters of control strategy of multilevel converters.

PWM rectifier / inverter system using insulated gate- bipolar-transistors (IBGT’s), capable of switching at 20 kHz is reported. The base drive circuit for the IGBT, incorporating short circuit protection is presented. The inverter uses Undel and snubber together with a simple energy recovery circuit, which ensures reliable and efficient operation even for 20 kHz switching. The front end for the system is a regenerative single phase full-bridge IGBT inverter along with an ac reactor. Steady-state design considerations are explained and control techniques, for unity power factor operation and fast current control of the front end converter, in a rotating as well as ’a stationary reference frame, are discussed and compared. Results from computer simulations as well as experimental results, for a 1.5-kW prototype system using GE IGBT’s Type 6E20, are presented.

Automotive Industry is targeting sustainable transportation in near future. Therefore hybrid and electric vehicles are going to be popular due to their sustainability, energy saving and zero emission. Electric motors play significant role in EV’s. In-wheel motor technology is being used in modern electric vehicles to improve efficiency, safety and controllability of vehicle nowadays. BLDC motor have been demanding as in-wheel motor in electric vehicles because of high efficiency, desired torque versus speed characteristics, high power density and low maintenance cost. In this project BLDC motor with ideal back-EMF is modeled and simulated in MATLAB / SIMULINK. Simulation model of the controller and BLDC drive are also presented. In order to validate the model various simulation models are studied. Simulations results depict from developed model are satisfactory and show correct performance of model.

Power Quality (PQ) has become an important topic of discussion and research, especially in a deregulated environment. As per IEEE 519 std. these parameters of power quality measurement, are four in number, of which Total Harmonic Distortion is most widely used. Semiconductor switching devices which are generally used in converter circuits produce significant harmonic voltages as they chop voltage waveforms during the transition between the conducting and cutoff stages. The diode bridge rectifiers/converters are considered as a major contributor to the power system harmonics and the consequences are varying from components overheating to communication interference. Our work links the field of electrical power conversion and electrical drives (DC), where these power converters find applications. Electric drives play an important role in industry as well as our day-to-day life. They are use the electrical power input and provide mechanical work as output. They are also an indispensable part of our daily lives. The applications of DC drives make it undesirable when used in deregulated environment. Hence power quality issues matter a lot in these cases. We extend our work to higher pulse converters (up to 48 Pulse) and determine the power quality parameters in each case. Various reduction methods like LC Passive Filters, Shunt Active Filter, Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation are applied in each case and a clear comparison before and after application of techniques will be brought out.

Induction motors are the most widely used electrical motors due to their reliability, low cost and robustness. However, induction motors do not inherently have the capability of variable speed operation. Due to this reason, earlier dc motors were applied in most of the electrical drives. But the recent developments in speed control methods of the induction motor have led to their large scale use in almost all electrical drives. Out of the several methods of speed control of an induction such as pole changing, frequency variation, variable rotor resistance, variable stator voltage, constant V/f control, slip recovery method etc., the closed loop constant V/f speed control method is most widely used. In this method, the V/f ratio is kept constant which in turn maintains the magnetizing flux constant so that the maximum torque remains unchanged. Thus, the motor is completely utilized in this method. During starting of an induction motor, the stator resistance and the motor inductance (both rotor and stator) must be kept low to reduce the steady state time and also to reduce the jerks during starting. On the other hand, higher value of rotor resistance leads to lesser jerks while having no effect on the steady state time. The vector control analysis of an induction motor allows the decoupled analysis where the torque and the flux components can be independently controlled (just as in dc motor). This makes the analysis easier than the per phase equivalent circuit.

The majority of color histogram equalization methods do not yield uniform histogram in gray scale. After converting a color histogram equalized image into gray scale, the contrast of the converted image is worse than that of a 1-D gray scale histogram equalized image. We propose a novel 3-D color histogram equalization method that produces uniform distribution in gray scale histogram by defining a new cumulative probability density function in 3-D color space. Test results with natural and synthetic images are presented to compare and analyze various color histogram equalization algorithms based upon 3-D color histograms. We also present theoretical analysis for non ideal performance of existing methods.

Current differential protection relays are widely applied to the protection of electrical plant due to their simplicity, sensitivity and stability for internal and external faults. The proposed idea has the feature of unit protection relays to protect large power transmission grids based on phaser measurement units. The principle of the protection scheme depends on comparing positive sequence voltage magnitudes at each bus during fault conditions inside a system protection center to detect the nearest bus to the fault. Then the absolute differences of positive sequence current angles are compared for all lines connecting to this bus to detect the faulted line. The new technique depends on synchronized phaser measuring technology with high speed communication system and time transfer GPS system. The simulation of the interconnecting system is applied on 500 kV Egyptian network using Matlab Simulink. The new technique can successfully distinguish between internal and external faults for interconnected lines. The new protection scheme works as unit protection system for long transmission lines. The time of fault detection is estimated by 5 msec for all fault conditions and the relay is evaluated as a backup relay based on the communication speed for data transferring.

A new reduced-switch-count converter topology is introduced and proposed for UPS applications in this project. The modulation scheme of this novel converter is developed and a method is devised for calculating the optimal operating point of the converter based on the design specifications in order to maximize dc bus voltage utilization while minimizing the output voltage THD and switching loss. Moreover, a strategy is suggested for battery charging period which increases converter input power and hence accelerates battery charging process. The proposed converter possesses desirable characteristics of an ideal AC/AC converter such as low THD of input current and output voltage and unity power factor. The validity of theoretical issues is confirmed by simulation results.

A soft-switching dc/dc converter with high voltage gain is proposed in this project. It provides a continuous input current and high voltage gain. Moreover, soft-switching characteristic of the proposed converter reduces switching loss of active power switches and raises the conversion efficiency. The reverse-recovery problem of output rectifiers is also alleviated by controlling the current changing rates of diodes with the use of the leakage inductance of a coupled inductor. Experimental results obtained on 200W prototype are discussed.

This project presents a high-efficiency and high-step up non isolated interleaved dc–dc converter with a common active clamp circuit. In the presented converter, the coupled-inductor boost converters are interleaved. A boost converter is used to clamp the voltage stresses of all the switches in the interleaved converters, caused by the leakage inductances present in the practical coupled inductors, to a low voltage level. The leakage energies of the interleaved converters are collected in a clamp capacitor and recycled to the output by the clamp boost converter. The proposed converter achieves high efficiency because of the recycling of the leakage.energies, reduction of the switch voltage stress, mitigation of the output diode’s reverse recovery problem, and interleaving of the converters. Detailed analysis and design of the proposed converter are carried out. A prototype of the proposed converter is developed, and its experimental results are presented for validation.

TZiegler-Nichols tuned PID controller’s performances usually are not acceptable for applications requiring precise control. In this project an improved discrete auto-tuning PID scheme is developed for DC-DC converters where large load changes are expected or the need for fast response time. The algorithm developed in this project is used for the tuning discrete PID controller to obtain its parameters with a minimum computing complexity and is applied to Synchronous buck converter to improve its performance. To improve the transient response and rise time of the Converter, the controller parameters are continuously modified based on the current process trend. For its implementation a synchronous buck converter is designed and its MATLAB/Simulink model with non-linear parameters is developed and considered. Also, the non-linear effects such as S/H, quantization, delay, and saturation are considered in the close loop model. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed algorithms.

After some damaging blackouts, voltage stability & collapse happening all over the world & across our nation has become a concern problem. The major issue in these problem is the collapse of transmission system which is most suffered by the frequent variations load. In this project, we focus on the detection of most sensitive node in IEEE – 14 bus system. For doing the above said we are using PSAT (Power System analysis toolbox) a MATLAB Based Simulink & Simulation toolbox which utilizes L-index method for voltage stability analysis and sensitive nodes determination. In this work, firstly we have analyzed IEEE-14 bus system under the standard test data & after that we have increased load data by 5%,10%,15%,20%, 25%,30%,35%,45% and so on then we have compared all the result with the original power flow results of IEEE-14 bus system for finding a most sensitive node.

With the advance of power electronic technology, the application of HVDC light systems based on voltage-source insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) converters has increased rapidly in renewable, micro grid, and electric power systems. This project proposes an optimal control strategy for an HVDC light system using a direct current vector control mechanism. The proposed approach is compared with the traditional vector control method for different HVDC control requirements, such as active power, reactive power, and grid voltage support control. A limitation of the conventional control mechanism is analyzed through a theoretical study and computer simulation. Closed-loop control evaluation demonstrates that the proposed approach works well for HVDC light system control both within and beyond the physical constraints of the system, such as rated power and saturation of pulse width modulation (PWM). The evaluation also shows that the conventional control technique could result in over voltage and system oscillation, especially when the controller operates beyond the PWM saturation limit.

Due to the popularity of JPEG as an image compression standard, the ability to detect tampering in JPEG images has become increasingly important. Tampering of compressed images often involves recompression and tends to erase traces of tampering found in uncompressed images. In this project, we present a new technique to discover traces caused by recompression. We assume all source images are in JPEG format and propose to formulate the periodic characteristics of JPEG images both in spatial and transform domains. Using theoretical analysis, we design a robust detection approach which is able to detect either block-aligned or misaligned recompression. Experimental results demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed approach, and also show it outperforms existing methods.

This project presents a compact embedded fuzzy system for three-phase induction-motor scalar speed control. The control strategy consists in keeping constant the voltage–frequency ratio of the induction-motor supply source. A fuzzy-control system is built on a digital signal processor, which uses speed error and speed-error variation to change both the fundamental voltage amplitude and frequency of a sinusoidal pulse width modulation inverter. An alternative optimized method for embedded fuzzy-system design is also proposed. The controller performance, in relation to reference and load-torque variations, is evaluated by experimental results. A comparative analysis with conventional proportional–integral controller is also achieved.

Nowadays high quality power is essential for medical, research and industrial applications to produce good quality results and analysis. In this project, an attempt has been made to improve the quality of power. A single phase seven level cascaded multi level inverter with identical dc supply is designed to reduce the harmonic components of the output voltage. Genetic algorithm optimization technique is applied to multilevel inverter to determine optimum switching angles there by reducing some higher order harmonics while maintaining the required fundamental voltage. This generalized technique can be extended to multi level inverters with any number of levels. The switching angles for each pulse are determined using Genetic Algorithm which is a evolutionary programming technique. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink package and the result is compared with the conventional methods like Newton Raphson. The Total Harmonic Distortion is measured accordingly for different modulation indices. A proto type model of microcontroller based seven level inverter has been designed, fabricated and tested. The results are presented and analyzed and hence the hardware results are verified with the simulation results.

One of the most important topics regarding the application of superconducting fault current limiters (SFCL) for upcoming smart grid is related to its possible effect on the reduction of abnormal fault current and the suitable location in the micro grids. Due to the grid connection of the micro grids with the current power grids, excessive fault current is a serious problem to be solved for successful implementation of micro grids. However, a shortage of research concerning the location of SFCL in micro grid is felt. In this work, a resistive type SFCL model was implemented by integrating Simulink and Sim Power System blocks in Matlab. The designed SFCL model could be easily utilized for determining an impedance level of SFCL according to the fault- current-limitation requirements of various kinds of the smart grid system. In addition, typical smart grid model including generation, transmission and distribution network with dispersed energy resource was modeled to determine the location and the performance of the SFCL. As for a dispersed energy resource, 10 MVA wind farm was considered for the simulation. Three phase faults have been simulated at different locations in smart grid and the effect of the SFCL and its location on the wind farm fault current was evaluated. Consequently, the optimum arrangement of the SFCL location in Smart Grid with renewable resources has been proposed and its remarkable performance has been suggested.

This brief introduces an isolated two-switch Zeta dc–dc converter, along with the steady-state analysis and experimentation. The high transistor voltage stress due to the ringing caused by the resonance of the transformer leakage inductance and the transistor output capacitance is a major drawback in the conventional isolated Zeta converter. With the incorporation of an additional transistor and two clamping diodes on the primary side of the transformer of the isolated Zeta converter, an isolated two transistor Zeta converter is proposed. In the proposed converter, the voltage stress of both transistors is reduced to the dc input voltage VI. Experimental results from a 10-V/30-W 100-kHz laboratory prototype are presented to validate the theoretical analysis.

Loads in a power distribution system network are mostly inductive and lead to poor power factor. In order to utilize the generated power optimally it is necessary to maintain close to-unity power factor. Power factor correction is possible by introducing the capacitive loads in the circuit, as to nullify the effect of inductive loading. Due to simplicity of analysis of radial distribution systems, most previous work studied the effect of nonlinear and capacitive loads on the optimal solution of the Capacitor Placement Problem (CPP) for radial distribution systems only. In this project, we study optimal capacitor placement on interconnected distribution systems in the presence of nonlinear loads. The placement problem is solved using Genetic Algorithms (GA) as implemented in the ETAP Power station software. Results (power losses, operating voltages and annual benefits) are analyzed. Computational results show that harmonic components affect optimal capacitor placement in all system configurations. If all loads were linear, interconnected and loop system configurations offer lower power losses and better operating conditions than the radial system configuration.

The control and simulation of the power delivered to the grid are becoming an important topic, particularly when the number of distributed power generation systems increases. In this project, two different control schemes for an oscillating water- column Wells-turbine–generator module are simulated, implemented, and compared. In the first method, the control system does appropriately adapt the slip of the induction generator according to the pressure drop entry in order to maximize the generated power, while in the second method; a traditional proportional– integral–derivative-based control is implemented in order to deal with the desired power-reference-tracking problem. It will be shown how the controllers avoid the stalling behavior and that the average power of the generator fed into the grid is significantly higher in the controlled cases than in the uncontrolled one while providing the desired output power.

This project presents a high-efficiency multicascoded hybrid power system for high-voltage application. For a cascaded configuration, the source is serially connected to the output terminal of a converter to increase the voltage conversion gain by one. In addition, parts of the energy from the sources is supplied directly to the output load with high-efficiency features. Based on these, a three - cascaded hybrid power system integrating the fuel cell (FC), battery, and ultra capacitor module is presented. A two-loop active FC control strategy is proposed to manage the power flows of the proposed system. The whole efficiency and hybrid power flows of the multicascoded system are discussed and demonstrated under different hybrid situations. Finally, the experimental results from a prototype circuit of the FC hybrid power system show that the hybrid system can provide 200 V of output voltage, 500Wof rated power, and about 1 kW/25 min long-term overload power. In addition, the whole efficiency of the proposed hybrid power system can achieve 93.6%.

The project studies the performance of variable speed wind turbine (VSWT) configuration with non inverting buck- boost converter. The wind turbine systems consist of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) connected to diode rectifier, DC chopper and load. New control strategy, based on the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and limited power point tracking (LPPT) algorithms is used to improve the system operation. When necessary to limit the power injected to the grid, due to system operator demands, a control unit is implementing to switch between two regimes of wind turbine operation: at maximum power and at limited power. The MPP tracker is simple perturb and observation (P&O) controller in combination with two optimum wind turbines power/torque versus speed characteristics. Two control loops: inner feed forward current control loop and outer voltage control closed loop are applied for the non-inverting buck-boost converter. The performance of the dynamic models and the control loops is tested under various wind conditions. The simulation results are shown. The results prove the strategy and models reliability.

In this project, a comprehensive model of the variable speed constant-frequency aircraft electric power system is developed to study the performance characteristics of the system and, in particular, the system power quality over a frequency range of operation of 400 Hz to 800 Hz. A fully controlled active power filter is designed to regulate the load terminal voltage, eliminate harmonics, correct supply power factor, and minimize the effect of unbalanced loads. The control algorithm for the active power filter (APF) is based on the perfect harmonic cancellation method which provides a three-phase reference supply current in phase with its positive-sequence fundamental voltage. The proposed APF is integrated into the model of a 90-kVA advanced aircraft electric power system under VSCF operation. The performance characteristics of the system are studied with the frequency of the generator’s output voltage varied from 400 Hz to 800 Hz under different loading conditions. Several case studies are presented including dc loads as well as passive and dynamic ac loads. The power quality characteristics of the studied aircraft electric power system with the proposed active filter are shown to be in compliance with the most recent military aircraft electrical standards MIL-STD-704F as well as with the IEEE Std. 519.

Emerging trends of high-power-density power electronics interfaces for renewable- and alternative-energy sources have led to the need for high-frequency-inverter designs without compromising energy-conversion efficiency. In that context, a zero-voltage-switching (ZVS)-based scheme is described in this letter, for a cyclo converter-type high- frequency-link inverter, which is applicable for renewable- and alternative-energy sources as well as other commercial applications. The proposed scheme achieves the primary-side-converter-assisted switching of the ac/ac converter switches under ZVS condition. The modes of operation of the ac/ac converter are explained to outline the behavioral response. The results on the efficacy of the ZVS-based inverter and its performance show satisfactory performances.

Various concentrated work on detection of defects on printed circuit boards (PCBs) have been done, but it is also crucial to classify these defects in order to analyze and identify the root causes of the defects. This project is aimed in detecting and classifying the defects on bare single layer PCBs by introducing a hybrid algorithm by combining the research done by Heriansyah et al and Khalid This project proposes a PCB defect detection and classification system using a morphological image segmentation algorithm and simple the image processing theories]. Based on initial studies, some PCB defects can only exist in certain groups. Thus, it is obvious that the image processing algorithm could be improved by applying a segmentation exercise. This project uses template and test images of single layer, bare, grayscale computer generated PCBs. The research improves Khalid work by increasing the number of defect categories from 5 to 7, with each category classifying a minimum of 1 to a maximum 4 different types of defects and a total of 13 out of 14 defects were classified.

This project presents new step-up dc/dc converter topologies intended for distributed power generation systems. The topologies contain a voltage-fed quasi-Z-source inverter with continuous input current on the primary side, a single-phase isolation transformer, and a voltage doublers rectifier (VDR). To increase the power density of the converter, a three-phase auxiliary ac link (a three-phase inverter and a three-phase isolation transformer) and a three-phase VDR are proposed to be implemented. This project describes the operation principles of the proposed topologies and analyzes the theoretical and experimental results.

A couple of decade ago when auto engineers decided to increase the voltage level of electrical power system drive, it was the advancement of silicon technology supporting their dream. Today the power electronics circuits play an important role in the success of electric, hybrid and fuel cell vehicles. Typical power electronics circuits in hybrid vehicles include electric motor drive circuits and DC/DC converter circuits. Conventional circuit topologies, such as buck converters, voltage source inverters and bidirectional boost converters are facing several challenges such as voltage level, cost, efficiency, size etc. This project aims at reviewing the use of different power electronics devices in hybrid electric vehicles. The project will first introduce the power system architectures for HEVs and then go on to exhaustive discussion on the specific applications of DC/DC and DC/AC power electronic converters and other device used in advanced automotive power systems. It also gives responses of converter using PSIM, which matches the theory.

This project presents simulation and hardware implementation of incremental conductance (IncCond) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) used in solar array power systems with direct control method. The main difference of the proposed system to the existing MPPT systems is eliminating the PI control loop and investigating the effect of simplifying the control circuit. Contributions are made in several aspects of the whole system including converter design, system simulation, controller programming and experimental set up. The resultant system is capable of tracking MPPs accurately and rapidly without steady state oscillation and also its dynamic performance is satisfactory. Incremental conductance algorithm is used to track the MPP because it performs precise control under rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. Matlab/ Simulink were employed for simulation studies and CCStudiov3.1 was used to program a TMS320F2812 DSP. The proposed system was developed and tested successfully in the laboratory on the PV solar panel. Experimental results indicate the feasibility and improved functionality of the system.

This project proposes a single-phase seven-level inverter for grid-connected photovoltaic systems, with a novel pulse width-modulated (PWM) control scheme. Three reference signals that are identical to each other with an offset that is equivalent to the amplitude of the triangular carrier signal were used to generate the PWM signals. The inverter is capable of producing seven levels of output-voltage levels (Vdc, 2Vdc/3, Vdc/3, 0,−Vdc,−2Vdc/3,−Vdc/3) from the dc supply voltage. A digital proportional–integral current-control algorithm was implemented in a TMS320F2812 DSP to keep the current injected into the grid sinusoidal. The proposed system was verified through simulation and implemented in a prototype.

This project proposes a single-phase to three-phase drive system composed of two parallel single-phase rectifiers, a three-phase inverter, and an induction motor. The proposed topology permits to reduce the rectifier switch currents, the harmonic distortion at the input converter side, and presents improvements on the fault tolerance characteristics. Even with the increase in the number of switches, the total energy loss of the proposed system may be lower than that of a conventional one. The model of the system is derived, and it is shown that the reduction of circulating current is an important objective in the system design. A suitable control strategy, including the pulse width modulation technique (PWM), is developed. Experimental results are presented as well.

Active-clamp dc–dc converters are pulse width modulated converters having two switches featuring zero-voltage switching at frequencies beyond 100 kHz. Generalized equivalent circuits valid for steady-state and dynamic performance have been proposed for the family of active-clamp converters. The active lamp converter is analyzed for its dynamic behavior under current control in this project. The steady-state stability analysis is presented. On account of the lossless damping inherent in the active-clamp converters, it appears that the stability region in the current-controlled active-clamp converters get extended for duty ratios, a little greater than 0.5 unlike in conventional hard-switched converters. The conventional graphical approach fails to assess the stability of current- controlled active-clamp converters, due to the coupling between the filter inductor current and resonant inductor current. An analysis that takes into account the presence of the resonant elements is presented to establish the condition for stability. This method correctly predicts the stability of the current controlled active-clamp converters. A simple expression for the maximum duty cycle for sub harmonic-free operation is obtained. The results are verified experimentally.

In this project, a novel three-phase soft-switching inverter is presented. The inverter-switch turn on and turn off are performed under zero-voltage switching condition. This inverter has only one auxiliary switch, which is also soft switched. Having one auxiliary switch simplifies the control circuit considerably. The proposed inverter is analyzed, and its operating modes are explained in details. The design considerations of the proposed inverter are presented. The experimental results of the prototype inverter confirm the theoretical analysis.

Several times food and other biological products are valued by their appearance. Human eye has been very helpful in judging the freshness, quality of the fruit. But the result may vary from one human grader to another. The adaptation of the human eye to small changes in the color and the background on the perceived color and color intensity are the main sources of error. Hence, it is hard to provide precise guideline for visual inspection of the fruits based on color, weight and shape. This project includes measurement of weight, sorting setup, conveyer system. In this Project we are using MATLAB software package to develop the image processing code.

This SYSTEM is designed for security applications; to address the need for obtaining the visual information of an object. To support these applications our SYSTEM operates in MANUAL. In MANUAL mode, motion of the SYSTEM can be controlled by the user through a suitable and interactive Graphical User Interface (GUI) in MATLAB. This feature finds application in unmanned explorations. Options in the GUI are provided to switch between the two modes.

Networking based patient monitoring system is used to monitor the different parameters of patients remotely and simultaneously. In this system the doctor can monitor different parameters (ECG, Heart Beat and Temperature) of many patients by sitting in his room. Parameters of each patient are recorded with the help of a microcontroller.This project provides real-time update of the patient’s health to the doctor. It reduces the frequent visits of the doctors to the patient in person. This project helps in conserving paper and thus saving very important trees

In this project, a cycle of drilling process is automated with the help of a micro controller. Work pieces are queued on the conveyor and sensed by the sensor to stop the movement of the work piece at the required spot for the drilling process to be carried out. Here three stepper/geared motors govern the movement of the conveyor, the drilling machine and the fixture. Thus these three stepper/geared motors are controlled for the required sequence by the microcontroller.The microcontroller is interfaced with PC for the purpose of giving input parameters such as depth, conveyor belt speed and total no of jobs to be drilled.

This project presents a high-efficiency and high-step up non isolated interleaved dc–dc converter with a common active clamp circuit. In the presented converter, the coupled-inductor boost converters are interleaved. A boost converter is used to clamp the voltage stresses of all the switches in the interleaved converters, caused by the leakage inductances present in the practical coupled inductors, to a low voltage level. The leakage energies of the interleaved converters are collected in a clamp capacitor and recycled to the output by the clamp boost converter. The proposed converter achieves high efficiency because of the recycling of the leakage.energies, reduction of the switch voltage stress, mitigation of the output diode’s reverse recovery problem, and interleaving of the converters. Detailed analysis and design of the proposed converter are carried out. A prototype of the proposed converter is developed, and its experimental results are presented for validation.The objective of this project is to design a robot controlled with a PC, interfaced with sensors to measure the temperature and detect an obstacle in robot’s path.The project intends to control the robot based on the PC and RF technology. The project uses the Embedded System to design this application. The main objective of this project is to read the input from the PC and accordingly control the robot using wireless RF technology.

The proposed project is based on the concept of Industrial automation. In this project, we are going to develop a project basically dependent on DTMF, Microcontroller & relay etc. The system allows complete security and is based on microcontroller.In this project the industrial automation , is controlled by a mobile phone that makes call to the mobile phone attached to the industrial automation in the course of the call, if any button is pressed control corresponding to the button pressed is heard at the other end of the call. This tone is called dual tone multi frequency tome (DTMF), industrial automation receives this DTMF tone with the help of phone stacked in the industrial automation. The received tone is processed by the DTMF decoder, the decoder decodes the DTMF tone in to its equivalent binary digit and this binary number is send to MUC, the MUC to take a decision for any give input and outputs.

Electrical Conductivity measurements are often used to measure the amount of soluble salts in the soil. It is most common measure of soil salinity and is indicative of the ability of an aqueous solution to carry an electrical current.Real time monitoring us important, where the electrode is fitted in the drip irrigation system, where we can monitor the conductivity of the fluids pumped in the drip irrigation channels.Using this system farmer can evaluate the soil nutrients present in the soil and lack of percentage of nutrients to be added for a specific crop by using predefined data provided. A farmer can have the suggestions from soil analysts or agricultural scientists through Internet, so that he can improve the crop yields in an efficient manner.

This project presents the development of a fully Automated Energy Meter which is having capabilities like remote monitoring and controlling of energy meter. Automatic Meter Reading system (AMR) continuously monitors the energy meter and sends data on request of service provider through SMS. It saves huge human labor. The data received from an energy meter has been stored in database server which was located at electricity Board station through SMS gate way for further processing by energy provider. Energy provider sends electricity bill either by e-mail, SMS or by post. This system also gives the power cut information and tempering alert. So GSM based AMR system is more efficient apropos convention billing system.

This SYSTEM is designed for security applications; to address the need for obtaining the visual information of an object exceeding speed limit and also for unmanned explorations. To support these applications our SYSTEM operates in two modes namely AUTOMATIC and MANUAL.

In this Project the Personal Computer (PC) controls the power of the universal motor. The Digital Data (8Bit) from the PC printer port is utilized as control input. This digital data is connected to the Micro controller (8051) I/O port. Switching and controlling of power fed to the motor is controlled by sending commands from PC.

Existing system has difficulties to use for continues monitoring of the patient ECG. It needs more papers to record the signals, so that the handling and studying will be difficult. Some ECG systems have a monitor with that, but have very less memory capacity to store records of the various / same patient. This project converting a standard IBM PC in to an ECG monitoring system by including some hardware with PC. The Commercial ECG systems are dedicated, which will be having a plotter to take the hardcopy of ECG signals.

The parallel port of the PC is a powerful platform for implementing projects dealing with the control of real-world peripherals. It can be used to control home and other electronic appliances. The computer program through the interface circuit controls the relays, which in turn switch the appliances ‘on’ or ‘off.’

The conventional system of marking attendance is manually entering attendance in the register and entering the data to the campus automation software. This require lots of time. Our system proposes automated attendance marking system. This system consists of an attendance entering device (transmitter) and a main server (receiver). Using this method the data are entered directly into the automation software. The system is simple, easy to operate and the data is more secure. The system was tailor made for automated logging of attendance in schools and colleges

The project aims at controlling the electrical equipments by interfacing it with a PC. The real time signals such as voltage, current are sensed by potentiometer/PT and current transformer respectively so that it can be processed by the PC. For this we use DAQ hardware with PIC/AVR micro- controller. This Relay gets activated whenever the electrical parameters exceed the predefined values. It has various applications like controlling generators, motors, in industries & home appliances like fans, tube lights etc

Our project is a working model, which incorporates sensors to measure all these parameters like Body temperature, ECG and Heart Beat rate, all enclosed into a coat. An Embedded Micro controller scans data from all this sensors and transfers it to the hospital by RF transmitter if there is an emergency situation. It also enables an alarm beep sound to indicate the patient.

This project is mainly concerned about monitoring patient’s condition simultaneously via Wireless Network. Wireless Network is a network that allows data transmitted to the node's nearest neighbors and it can be easily maintained as each node are self configuring and self healing. Data obtained from multiple heartbeats will be stored and processed using microcontrollers, and then transmitted to a centralized unit, where the information for multiple sensors will be displayed simultaneously.

In this project we propose a design using a touchpad/keypad, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Bluetooth technology to construct a blood pressure measurement which works in cooperation with a health management system.

Water being one of the most important resources needs to be not just regulated, but also controlled. There is a scarcity of water, and water should reach not only the urban areas, but also remote areas. This project will thus have a control on the valves, and thereby a control on the water flows. The system monitors water usage and disconnects if they are using excess of water by solenoid valve or small 5V pump (for Prototype). We are using the water flow sensor to detect the water usage. This sensor is going to generate the pulses based on the water flow rate and MUC counts the number of pulse and disconnects Here we are monitoring water level also for the tank. If tank is empty automatically electric pump activates to fill the tank, once the tank is full the pump is going to deactivates automatically. If there is a leakage in water tank the system activates buzzer and sends the information to the owner by RF technology. LCD is going to display the present status of the system. We are using RF wireless technology to transmit the status of the tank, water usage; pump activation and deactivation etc are going to transmits.

Water being one of the most important resources needs to be not just regulated, but also controlled. There is a scarcity of water, and water should reach not only the urban areas, but also remote areas. This project will thus have a control on the valves, and thereby a control on the water flows.The system monitors water usage and disconnects if they are using excess of water by solenoid valve or small 5V pump (for Prototype). We are using the water flow sensor to detect the water usage. This sensor is going to generate the pulses based on the water flow rate and MUC counts the number of pulse and disconnects. Here we are monitoring water level also for the tank. If tank is empty automatically electric pump activates to fill the tank, once the tank is full the pump is going to deactivates automatically.If there is a leakage in water tank the system activates buzzer and sends the information to the owner by GSM technology. LCD is going to display the present status of the system. We are using GSM wireless technology to send the status of the tank, water usage, pump activation and deactivation etc are going to transmits.

In order to comply with the policies of energy saving, carbon reduction, and environmental protection, all of the electric equipment and energies are requested to satisfy the green demand. However, massive fuel oil vehicles result in serious air pollution and destruction environment. Therefore, the development of the electric vehicles (EV) or the hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) are becoming important policies in many countries. The secondary batteries are the main energy sources of the EV. Thus, energy management is the most important key factor in EV or HEV design. Nowadays, bidirectional converter applied in electric vehicles can provide energy stored in battery for driving motor and offer battery charging or energy recovery. Many advanced techniques, research results or control strategy related to the bi-directional converter are explored in succession

The objective of voting is to allow voters to exercise their right to express their choices regarding specific issues, pieces of legislation, citizen initiatives, constitutional amendments, recalls and/or to choose their government and political representatives. Technology is being used more and more as a tool to assist voters to cast their votes. To allow the exercise of this right, almost all voting systems around the world include the following steps: • voter identification and authentication • voting and recording of votes cast • vote counting • publication of election results

This Project is used in Bottling Plants like Coca-Cola, Pepsi etc to fill the Beverages into the bottle automatically. The empty bottles are moved in the conveyor Belt and with the help of proximity sensors we can detect the position and stop the movement of the belt. Then a relay is energized to actuate the flow of Liquid. The flow is stopped when a maximum level is detected through another sensor. After filling the conveyor movement starts again and this process gets repeated. In this project we can have Fire protection system (i.e.) when any fire accident is detected in that area immediately a relay is energized to pour the water on fire to put off the fire

Brushless direct-current motors (BLDC motors) also known as electronically commutated motors (ECMs, EC motors) are electric motors powered by electricity and having electronic commutation systems, rather than mechanical commutators and brushes. The current-to-torque and frequency-to-speed relationships of BLDC motors are linear.

During the time of examination, students get depressed of finding the news in the television or newspaper about question paper leakage and hence the exam was postponed / cancelled. In order to prevent this question paper leakage, a compact and portable solution was designed using MUC.The design and implementation of MUC based examination question paper leakage system was effectively carried out with the advantages of low cost, low power consumption, high portability and minimum peripheral interfaces. The system was tested with the RFID card swipe time duration from 9am to 9:10am. The response of the system is good and successfully tested all the conditions mentioned in the system functionality. Test conditions include

• Invalid RFID card swiped and the system was not responded and displayed the message "INVALID CARD" on LCD.
• RFID card was valid and GSM pass code was wrong then system displayed "PASS CODE ERROR" and message was sent to Exam authority.
• Both RFID and GSM pass code were valid; the system granted access and stepper motor rotated (to open the IBOX).
• When RFID card was swiped before 9am and after 9:10am the system displayed "UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS" and message was sent to Exam authority.

By this project we are developing ARM-7 Based, College / School notice board by using GSM wireless Technology. Here we have to text the messages to the system what has to be display in the notice board, whenever system gets the message, 32x4 LCD is going to display the message in notice board.

Security is a matter of great concern to all of us in this world. Normally there are four types of security threat to our property. • From very high temperature. • From fire, so we use fire sensor. • Smoke Sensor, • From LPG Gas Sensor. Whenever there is security breach from one of above or any combination of above.

Here is an ideal solution to harvest Solar energy, wind energy, KPTCL power, UPS and DG Set for charging purpose. This charger can replenish almost all types of batteries including Mobile phone battery. It uses a Solar Module to convert light energy into electrical energy, wind energy to electrical energy, if there is no power from solar and wind energy the load requirement meets by KPTCL power, if there is no KPTCL power the mobile charger charges by UPS and if UPS is fully discharged DG set is going to switch automatically to meet the load requirement.

There are several power generation units connected to the grid such as hydral, thermal, solar etc to supply power to the load. These generating units need to supply power according to the rules of the grid. These rules involve maintaining a voltage variation within limits and also the frequency. If any deviation from the acceptable limit of the grid it is mandatory that the same feeder should automatically get disconnected from the grid which by effect is termed as islanding. This prevents in large scale brown out or black out of the grid power. So it is preferable to have a system which can warn the grid in advance so that alternate arrangements are kept on standby to avoid complete grid failure. The project is designed to develop a system to detect the synchronization failure of any external supply source to the power grid on sensing the abnormalities in frequency and voltage.

Compared to some foreign countries’ shopping mall system, there are still plenty of spaces for improvement in terms of providing quality shopping experience to the consumers. Consumers often face problems and inconvenience when shopping. These problems include worrying that the amount of money brought is not enough for paying all the items wanted, insufficient information of the items that are for sale and also wasting unnecessary time at the cashier. These are the problems that are currently faced by most consumers. This project gives solution for above problems by costumer will take smart trolley for shopping, when he pick the product and place in the trolley, price will be displayed which will be fitted in the trolley. As he picks up more and more items and places in trolley, price will automatically updates, similarly prices will get updates if he remove items from the trolley. This updated

We are developing the solar based air compressor by 8051 / PIC MCU. We are utilizing the solar energy to drive the air compressor so that we are utilizing the non-renewable energy resource. Here we are using the air compressor, MCU, Battery and Solar panel to develop this prototype solar based air compressor.

The aim of our projects is to utilize the maximum solar energy through solar panel. For this an automatic sun tracking system is proposed. This project helps the solar power generating equipment to get the maximum sunlight automatically thereby increasing the efficiency of the system. The solar panel tracks the sun from east to west automatically for maximum intensity of light.A solar tracker is a device onto which solar panels are fitted which tracks the motion of the sun across the sky, thus ensuring that the maximum amount of sunlight strikes the panels throughout the day. A solar tracking system and load control the system alerts the owner by GSM technology.

This system helps the users by alerting them about the peak loads (max energy consumption), power status (ON/OFF), billing status and number of units consumed. The voice alerts could be in any local language. Hence this system can be used across the world. The typical voice alerts are “OL (Over Load)”, “PEB (Pay Electricity Bill)”, “On/Off” and 1/2/3 units.This can be achieved by the use of microcontroller unit that continuously monitors and records the Energy Meter readings in its memory location. Microcontroller also drives the voice module to play the voice messages based on the energy meter readings and inputs. We have push button to check the over load status, power status, billing status and units consumption status.

Here we are developing a system to find the sensing power theft, power monitoring and transfer it to EB (Electricity Board). Normal practice for power theft is to short the input and output terminals. So by sensing current flow through the line and energy feedback we can prevent it. This system monitors the power consumption and sends the number of units consumed to the EB by GSM.

Water is a vital component of agricultural production. It is essential to maximize both yield and quality. Water has to be applied in the right amounts at the right time in order to achieve the right crop result. At the same time, the application of water should avoid waste of a valuable resource and be in sympathy with the environment as a whole. Understanding, measuring and assessing how water flows around the farm, and recognizing how farming practices affect flows, will help farmers to manage water efficiently and reduce pollution risks. In this project we are managing the water to crop based water quantity by water flow sensor. Each and every crop requires different water quantity. As a prototype we use three crops with different water quantity. If you press crop1, water flow senses the water quantity and it gives the pulses to the micro controller, the micro controller counts the pulses and once it reaches the maximum pulses means water quantity for crop1 is over so it switch OFF’s the water pump and same thing for other crops. Here electric pump is going to switch ON and OFF based on the moisture content of the soil also. If someone tried to take the water flow sensor buzzer is going to activate and make the sound.

The main objective of this project is to develop a system of wireless power transfer for medical applications. Many people use pace makers implanted in their body that runs on a battery. This project is designed to charge a rechargeable battery wirelessly. This project is formed out of an ac 230 volt 50 Hz to ac 20 KHz at 12 volt circuit. But in the project a DC fan motor is provided in place of a battery charging arrangement for better visibility.

The main objective of this project is to develop a device to charge the electrical vehicle through wireless power transmission. The concept of wireless power transfer was realized by Nikolas tesla. Wireless power transfer can make a remarkable change in the field of the electrical engineering which eliminates the use conventional copper cables and current carrying wires. Based on this concept, the project is developed to transfer power within a small range for prototype is for up to 1-2 cm. This project can be used for charging batteries those are physically not possible to be connected electrically such as pace makers (An electronic device that works in place of a defective heart valve) implanted in the body that runs on a battery. Thus the transfer of power is done by the primary (transmitter) to the secondary that is separated with a considerable distance (say <1cm>). Therefore the transfer could be seen as the primary transmits and the secondary receives the power to run load. Moreover this technique can be used in number of applications, like to charge a mobile phone, iPod, laptop battery, propeller clock wirelessly. And also this kind of charging provides a far lower risk of electrical shock as it would be galvanic ally isolated. This concept is an Emerging Technology, and in future the distance of power transfer can be enhanced as the research across the world is still going on.

In this fast moving world, new technologies have been evolved for every second for our human life style improvement. There have enormous advancement in automobile technologies already and still to come. Because of these technologies, now we are enjoying the necessary comfort and safety. But there are lots of accidents happening now-a-days. It is because of increased vehicle density, violation of rules and carelessness. India ranks fifth in the road accidents over the world. We have the objective to minimize the road accidents due to above mentioned facts in real time using embedded systems platform in low cost. In our project, we proposed few concepts to minimize the accidents due to violating rules and carelessness.

Security in travel is primary concern for everyone. This project describes an effective system that can monitor an automotive vehicle / car condition in travelling. This project is designed to inform about an accident of a vehicle or in short vehicle crash also the vitals of the driver (currently limited to heart beat ) to the nearest police station and hospital and can be modified as needed. The centre brain of this project is an ARDUINO/ PIC BOARD which uses ATMEGA PROCESSOR/CONTROLLER.This project uses a Piezo-electric sensor at the front of the car that senses the crash also a GPS sensor which tells the exact location of the vehicle in terms of latitude and longitude. This information along with other sensors such as CO sensor, temp sensor, heart beat is send to a GSM module.

This project is used to monitor the remote petroleum oil field tanks status by using wireless communication based on embedded technology. In our project designed for to provide the wireless security for remote petroleum tanks by using compact embedded security sensors. Here we have to use multiple sensors to monitor the petroleum tank status like wireless oil well shutdown alarm, oil well power failure alarm, oil well running, oil theft and some wireless night patrol point are used to provide the security of this each petroleum bank.This project split into two sections to provide the automation of wireless security system. One is that wireless remote transmitter section and another one is that wireless central monitoring system. This transmitter section was placed on each remote petrol tank and the receiver central unit was placed on central monitoring area. This wireless transmitter section was contain wireless oil well shutdown alarm, oil well power failure alarm, oil well running, and oil theft checking alarm and wireless night patrol point also. The core of a wireless transmitter and some launchers adopt advanced embedded technology.The second level is consisting of a wireless receiver and a wireless alarm controller in the system. The function of a wireless receiver can receive the information of some front-end remote transmitters.

The aim of the project is to design the speed control of AC motor using PWM technique. A pulse width modulator (PWM) is a device that may be used as an efficient AC motor speed controller or light dimmer. Pulse-width modulation (PWM) is a very efficient way of providing intermediate amounts of electrical power between fully on and fully off. A simple power switch with a typical power source provides full power only when switched on. PWM is a comparatively recent technique, made practical by modern electronic power switches .In the past, when only partial power was needed (such as for a sewing machine motor), a rheostat (located in the sewing machine's foot pedal), but also wasted power as heat in the resistor element. It was an inefficient scheme, but tolerable because the total power was low. This was one of several methods of controlling power.

In this fast moving world, new technologies have been evolved for every second for our human life style improvement. There have enormous advancement in automobile technologies already and still to come. Because of these technologies, now we are enjoying the necessary comfort and safety. But there are lots of accidents happening now-a-days. It is because of increased vehicle density, violation of rules and carelessness. India ranks fifth in the road accidents over the world. We have the objective to minimize the road accidents due to above mentioned facts in real time using embedded systems platform in low cost. In our project, we proposed few concepts to minimize the accidents due to violating rules and carelessness.

The conventional system of marking attendance is manually entering attendance in the register and entering the data to the campus automation software. This require lots of time. Our system proposes automated attendance marking system.This system consists of an attendance entering device (transmitter) and a main server (receiver). Using this method the data are entered directly into the automation software. The system is simple, easy to operate and the data is more secure. The system was tailor made for automated logging of attendance in schools and colleges.

Automatic or Automated Test Equipment (ATE) is any apparatus that performs tests on a device, known as the Device Under Test (DUT) or Unit Under Test (UUT), using automation to quickly perform measurements and evaluate the test results. An ATE can be a simple computer controlled digital multi-meter, or a complicated system containing dozens of complex test instruments (real or simulated electronic test equipment) capable of automatically testing and diagnosing faults in sophisticated electronic packaged parts or on Wafer testing, including System-On-Chips, Integrated circuits and Circuit assemblies. Here we are proposing test equipment for digital circuit assemblies and it can be extended to analog or mixed signal circuit assemblies. The motivation for this project is in any mass production of complex electronic circuit / PCB assemblies, it is very difficult to test each and every PCB assembly for its functional operation check, so we thought of automating the process by making use of automatic test equipment.The proposed ATE has designed to test four different combinational logic digital functions.

In order to comply with the policies of energy saving, carbon reduction, and environmental protection, all of the electric equipments and energies are requested to satisfy the green demand. However, massive fuel oil vehicles result in serious air pollution and destruction environment. Therefore, the development of the electric vehicles (EV) or the hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) are becoming important policies in many countries. The secondary batteries are the main energy sources of the EV. Thus,energy management is the most important key factor in EV or HEV design. This project gives solution for the energy management.

Control system for modern house is based on the Intel’s 8051 family of microcontroller. Features: Mail Notification, Power saving, Water saving and LPG leakage Or Smoke detection. So, it saves huge electric bills by saving electricity, lights are only switched ON during night times or when visibility is poor, It speaks out voice message at a regular interval that a new mail has arrived, It sounds an alarm whenever a flooding is detected on the floor, It sounds an alarm when gas leakage or smoke is detected.

Several times food and other biological products are valued by their appearance. Human eye has been very helpful in judging the freshness, quality of the fruit. But the result may vary from one human grader to another. The adaptation of the human eye to small changes in the color and the background on the perceived color and color intensity are the main sources of error. Hence, it is hard to provide precise guideline for visual inspection of the fruits based on color. This project includes measurement of weight, sorting setup, conveyer system. I have utilized MATLAB software package to develop the image processing code.

Greenhouse environment, used to grow plants under controlled climatic conditions for efficient production, forms an important part of the agriculture and horticulture sectors. In my present work again I have taken up to design this project using world’s most powerful microcontroller Intel 8051. Where I am going to analysis and use the temperature, humidity, soil moisture and illumination. Conditions. Whose moisture content is under test. The conductivity of soil depends upon the amount of moisture present in it. It increases with increase in the water content of the soil that forms a conductive path between two sensor probes leading to a close path to allow current flowing through and will trigger an alarm and stop the pumps from continuously watering the plants.

This SYSTEM is designed for security applications; to address the need for obtaining the visual information of an object exceeding speed limit and also for unmanned explorations. To support these applications our SYSTEM operates in two modes namely AUTOMATIC and MANUAL. In AUTOMATIC mode, the SYSTEM is intended to detect a moving object and track it based on its speed. In MANUAL mode, motion of the SYSTEM can be controlled by the user through a suitable and interactive Graphical User Interface (GUI) in MATLAB.

The project aims at designing a voice based control of dc motor. In this project we are controlling ON/OFF, Speed and Direction of DC motor by saying commands ON, OFF, INCREASE, DECREASE, and FORWARD AND REVERSE. The commands are changeable. We can adopt it wherever you want the control the motor by your words.

Now a day everyone wants control the home appliances and industrial appliances by voice only. Because no one wants to controlling the home appliances by remote, by manually etc …Here is the project gives solution for this problem. In this project we are going to control the home appliances by saying "ON" or "OFF”.

The project proposes an innovative design to develop a system based on AVR micro controller that is used for monitoring the voltage, current and temperature of a distribution transformer in a substation and to protect the system from the rise in mentioned parameters. Providing the protection to the distribution transformer can be accomplished by shutting down the entire unit with the aid of the Radio frequency Communication. Moreover the system displays the same on a PC at the main station which is at a remote place. Furthermore it is capable of recognizing the break downs caused due to overload, high temperature and over voltage. The design generally consists of two units, one in the substation unit, called as transmitter and display unit, and another in the Main station called as controlling unit. The transmitter and the display units in the substation is where the voltage, current and temperature are monitored continuously by AVR microcontroller and is displayed through the display unit. An RF transmitter is used for transmitting the signals that are obtained. The controlling unit in the main station by means of a PC and a RF receiver receives the RF signals that are transmitted by the Transmitter unit and reacts in accordance to the received signal. In general, the proposed design is developed for the user to easily recognize the distribution transformer that is suffered by any open or short circuit and rise in temperatures. The ultimate objective is to monitor the electrical parameters continuously and hence to guard the burning of distribution transformer or power transformer due to the constraints such as overload, over temperature and input high voltage. If any of these values increases beyond the limit then the entire unit is shut down by the designed controlling unit.

In this project there will be sensors inside the home, if anybody comes forcibly to home the sensors output will give information to the system that somebody had came, then it will send the SMS to the owners mobile or make a call to police. This going to monitor the fire and smoke also, if it finds the smoke and fire its sends an SMS to owner. You can Also switch the Home or Industry Application by Sending an SMS.

Here, in our project we have used a Biometric Finger Print Sensor, Keypad and a PIC Micro controller (PIC16F877) for authentication of a person. A computer that is connected to the micro controller unit determines the authorization and Access control rights.After The validation process is over, The user will be asked for whether he is taking or returning the book. If he taking the book all the details likes Date, Time and the book name everything gets stored on the data base. While returning the software will calculate the no of days the book has been taken, and fine if any etc.All user access information is gathered by a central PC-based workstation where the administrators can retrieve and analyze the information.

The use of cutting-edge technologies will make driving in the future even more safe, comfortable and reliable. With the help of present technologies we can make the vehicles to be driven by authorized personnel only. For authorization of driving a car we use the voice recognition technology. We have used Voice recognition kit for this recognition. This IC processes the voice input, compares with the pre-recorded voice and gives an output to the embedded controller unit. The Car’s ignition system and door mechanism is controlled by an Embedded controller unit.

The use of cutting-edge technologies will make driving in the future even more safe, comfortable and reliable. The intelligent communication systems inform the owner in theft situations. The Car’s ignition system is controlled by an Embedded controller unit. The unit gets Unique codes from the owner or user of the car for 3 times (for Security purpose) and enables the ignition system relay so that the user can start the vehicle and it also displays the ‘Code Accepted’ message on LCD Display If somebody tries to theft the vehicle he will be asked for the codes. If he types any code then the LCD display will say ‘Code Accepted’ but it won’t enable the ignition system relay so that he cannot start the vehicle. It also enables an Electromagnetic Lock System on the doors, so that the doors are closed permanently. The person inside will be locked by this operation. Furthermore it sends a Message to the owner of the vehicle to inform the theft of the vehicle. The Receiver which is in the hands of the owner gives a beep sound on sensing a signal from the TX to indicate the theft.

Parents phone number and children’s finger prints are scanned and stored at the time of admission in the child tracking system of the school bus. Later when the academic year begins their finger prints are matched with previously stored templates. If there is a match child is allowed to board the bus. If the parent wishes to know their child’s position or the route which the bus is travelling, they have to send a message to the phone number given to them at the time of admission. On receiving the message child tracking system will verify whether the parent’s number has been registered. If the number is registered then it will send information of latitude and longitude of the bus position. Software available on the android phone of the parent will interface this latitude and longitude values to the Google map. Thus parent will get to know their child's position. Modules used are GPS, GSM, ARM, 89v51, Fingerprint scanner.

In this project, a digitally programmable AC current source is built. The proposed technique provides the ability of digital trimming of the output current frequency and amplitude. The realization method is based on commercially available devices like digital to analog converter (DAC), voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), digital gain amplifier (DGA) and voltage controlled current source (VCCS). The proposed circuit offering high accuracy and linearity is suitable for measuring bio-impedance. Experimental result showing the circuit performance is also included.

I am not going to explain very complex solution for this; neither have I claimed to be an expert traffic controller. If we could fix up some sort of transmitter system on the highways which can detect the speed of the vehicle and convey to the driver that he is not in the permitted speed limit in the particular area or he is in a no horn area, or even further, if the automatic breaking system could be actuated on over speed.

Security is a matter of great concern to all of us in this world. Normally there are four types of security threat to our property. 1) Thief, an intruder. 2) Fire, so we use fire sensor. 3) Water spillage /over flow, so we use water sensor. 4) Gas leak, we use gas sensor, whenever there is security breach from one of above or any combination of above. The project takes the following action • Sounds an ALARM to attract your or public attention. • If the reset switch is not pressed within 30 seconds the projects takes further action. • It makes an emergency call to deliver an emergency message stored in speech IC. • It will make five attempts to call you before it checks the conditions again.

Water level in a dam needs to be maintained effectively to avoid complications. This is generally performed manually which requires full time supervision by the operators & have fairly large staff complements. Moreover, the quantity of water released is hardly ever correct resulting in wastage of water & it is impossible for a man to precisely control the gates without the knowledge of exact water level and water inflow rate. The main objective of this project is to develop a Mechatronics based system, which will detect the level of water and thereby the movement of gates can be controlled in a real-time basis which offers more flexibility

You can switch on/off devices using your mobile phone or land line numbers loads can be connected to the relay provided. Not only you can switch on /off devices it will also dial out a telephone number in case of security threat or any safety or protection parameters goes beyond safety limit. In case of any of the above, for ex. Temperature of the machinery has gone beyond safety limit, the device will first switch off the plant and dials out the presorted telephone number and delivers the emergency message. It will dial out for five times at the interval of one minute and again monitor the parameters, and if the parameters are not within limit again it will dial out. This cycle will repeat until the parameters become normal.

The objective of this project is to design load shedding system by making use of microcontroller. The microcontroller gets the input data from the keyboard i.e. number of loads to be shed and the duration of load shedding. The LCD display is used display the data which entered by the key board. The microcontroller will switch OFF the specified load/s for specified period of time.

During working hours and peak hour’s traffic need to be controlled in order to avoid jams and accidents in hurry, because nobody has time to wait resulting in jam and accidents. A Pollution Free Traffic Controller is a solution to such circumstances. This controller not only controls the traffic in a sequential manner by giving equal time to all the sides but also prevents pollution on the signals. And also avoids the jumping of signal by putting road breaks.

The main objective of this project is to develop signaling unit to indicate the type of zone to the vehicle and to control the vehicle speed. Every zone like school, highway and etc may have a transmitter tag to transmit the zone information by RF signal. This signal should be received by the vehicles and accordingly varies the speed of the vehicle. In practical, an actuator may be used to control the throttle of the vehicle. But to show the demo module here we used a DC motor, and varying the speed of it.

The project consists of two parts i.e. Control Panel and Remote controller. The Remote controller design is based on 8051 Microcontroller. The 8051 (DIP IC) makes the remote controller design as simple & compact. The remote control has a small keypad, which is used to control the equipments. The key pressed by the user is read by the microcontroller. The key value is send to the DTMF (Dual Tone Multi-Frequency) encoder. The encoder generates voice tone for that particular key value. The Tone is modulated (AM) with Carrier Frequency (433MHZ) and transmitted using RF module.The control panel design is based on 8051 Microcontroller. It is designed in such way to control different equipment / Appliance using Relays. Also this Panel produces one variable Power source, which can be used to vary the speed of any Motor / Fan.

With the advancement in technologies in wireless communication many products are available in the market to make the human life more comfortable. One of my friends asked me to design a project for him .His only requirement was to switch ON/OFF his irrigation pump, which is two km away from his house. I could not find the radio module which could cover this distance so I decided to design SMS controlled project. I used GSM module which is readily available in the electronic market. His only requirement was to switch ON/OFF single pump. I designed a relay board using 8051 microcontroller which could be switched on by single miss call to the devices and can also be switched off by another miscall. It saves my talk time and money.

To measure how high the distortion of AC voltage is, we may decompose it into the summation of sinusoid waves using DFT. The PIC/AVR harmonic distortion meter shows a method for finding the amplitude of the fundamental frequency and the 3rd harmonic. The reading shows percentage of the 3rd harmonic distortion.

The aim of the project is to design the speed control of AC motor using PWM technique. A pulse width modulator (PWM) is a device that may be used as an efficient AC motor speed controller or light dimmer.Pulse-width modulation (PWM) is a very efficient way of providing intermediate amounts of electrical power between fully on and fully off. A simple power switch with a typical power source provides full power only when switched on. PWM is a comparatively recent technique, made practical by modern electronic power switches .In the past, when only partial power was needed (such as for a sewing machine motor), a rheostat (located in the sewing machine's foot pedal), but also wasted power as heat in the resistor element. It was an inefficient scheme, but tolerable because the total power was low. This was one of several methods of controlling power.

Electronic meters measure energy using highly integrated components or other customized integrated circuits. These devices digitize the instantaneous voltage and current via a high-resolution sigma-delta ADC. Computing the product of the voltage and current gives the instantaneous power in watts. Integration over time gives energy used, which is usually measured in kilowatt hours (kWh).The design technique for digital meters is influenced by three major factors namely; desired device cost, efficiency and overall size. While the cost is influenced by users’ general affordability, the efficiency and size must strictly comply with standard.

This project converting a standard IBM PC in to an ECG monitoring system by including some hardware with PC. The Commercial ECG systems are dedicated, which will be having a plotter to take the hardcopy of ECG signals. Existing system has difficulties to use for continues monitoring of the patient ECG. It needs more papers to record the signals, so that the handling and studying will be difficult. Some ECG systems have a monitor with that, but have very less memory capacity to store records of the various /same patient.

In this project, the three Phase supply is monitored and shared to loads using MUC. Here the control logic is implemented using MUC. The presence of each phase is sensed by the voltage sensing circuitry. The Voltage sensing Circuitry sends ‘0’ logic to the MUC if the phase line is alive otherwise sends ‘1’ logic. The MUC checks all the phase lines, if all the lines are alive, the Relays 1, 2 & 3 will be ON state and Relay 4 & 5 will be in OFF state. Thus Phase1 is loaded with Load1 and Phase 2 is loaded by Load2 and so on. Thus each phase is equally loaded, when all the phase lines are present.

The most important problems faced are the misusage of electricity and its wastage. Sometimes due to carelessness of the authorities and the workers lamps are left ON which results in wastage of electricity. Water wastage is another problem which needs to be dealt with. Our project helps to overcome all these problems.

In case the original user feels that the car might be stolen; then in the response to the alert message the original user can send an SMS to the car informing it that it has indeed being stolen and it should take actions to prevent it from being stolen. Once the car comes to know that the car is being stolen, it will try and inform the user that there is some problem with the internals of the vehicle and he should slow down the speed. After some time the car will automatically lock the doors from inside so that the thief is trapped, Cuts off the engine so that the vehicle comes to a complete stop and then the car initiates an audio visual alarm informing all that the car is stolen. At such times the nearby people should be able to nab the culprit. There are also incidents when we might have parked the vehicle in the parking lot and some heavy crane can pick it up and carry away (typically by police in No Parking Zones).The smart car is fitted with a mechanism which will continuously keep looking out for a particular distance between the road and the chassis of the car and incase the distance becomes more than the permissible value, then the vehicle automatically sends an SMS to the user informing about the same. The system will also include the current location of the vehicle by picking the current latitude and longitude information from the on-board GPS system, which can be used to quickly track the vehicle when it was stolen. The same can also be used by the parents and the company owners to know where their vehicles are roaming. For this they can send a Status Request message to the vehicle and the GSM MODEM can be used to send the message containing the information from the GPS to the pre-defined number.

In Expensive D.C. motors are often used by model-makers, not only for model locomotives and racing cars but in robots of all kinds. They may also be used for driving non-mobile models. This project controls a small 6V/12V DC Motor. The circuit controls both the speed and the direction of the motor. There is a wide range of cheap low-voltage motors available. Many applications require slower speeds with correspondingly greater torque, and there are several different plastic gearboxes available for the model maker to use. There are also motor-driven devices such as cooling fans and water pumps that can be controlled by this project. It is possible to control the speed of a motor by simply wiring a resistor in series with it. Apart from the inefficiency of such a system, there is the need for a heavy-duty variable resistor (potentiometer). A typical D.C. motor requires several hundred milliamps to drive it.

Based on the analysis of traditional medical healthcare system, the human body healthcare system used in the family is introduced in this project. According to the requirements of family health monitor system, the project compares several kinds of wireless communication technology which uses in the family; The system is presented to combine the wireless communication technology (Zigbee) to monitor physiological signal of patient. This system can not only meet the main requirement of real-time monitoring, but also avoid the costly nursing expenses.

This project introduces an intelligent blind rod and navigation platform based on ZigBee / Bluetooth technology. This blind rod can detect and analyze the situation on road and warn the blind people to avoid obstacles by ultrasonic measurement. The navigation platform based on ZigBee / Bluetooth technology can help the blind people to know different directions the path leads to. This intelligent blind rod can better serve for the blind’s independent travel.

IFor enhancing the self-caring ability of senior citizen, releasing the pressure of the warding people, a family living supporting system, which is very useful for the paralyzed patients or some people with mobility difficulties, is proposed. It is composed of the wireless transmitting unit, the speech recognition module and the network communication part. A speech recognition processing algorithm is designed to get some command messages from the user. The system not only uses these commands to control some household equipment, but also sends some helping signals via wireless network. If the family members aren’t prompt to respond to these helping messages, these messages will be transmitted by network communication part to the community service center for assistance immediately. It has some advantages of low-cost, low-power, high-performance, and easy-operation and so on. As a result, it could be employed as a terminal of health-care of hospital or home.

In recent years, the frequent occurs of landslide disasters, caused great harm to people’s lives and properties. This project designs some wireless sensor monitoring node distributed on the hillside, they construct a wireless data connection network based on Zigbee / Bluetooth / RF. This combines GSM technology and wireless technology, it have completed the work from the system solution to whole process of software and hardware design. The result proves that each node work stably and the status of network communication is good. This design can collect depth of the water in the mountain and slope angle of the hillside, and provides the monitoring center with warning information in time, so related departments can take effective measures rapidly to protect peoples and property.

This project provides the design of a Medical Monitoring Terminal use MCU and Zigbee / RF technology. The Monitoring Terminal can detect the patient’s real-time body temperature, heart rate and other physiological information’s, and transmit them to the control center.

As vehicle manufacturers continue to increase their emphasis on safety with advanced driver-assistance systems (ADASs), we propose a device that is not only already in abundance but portable enough as well to be one of the most effective multipurpose devices that are able to analyze and advise on safety conditions. Mobile smartphones today are equipped with numerous sensors that can help to aid in safety enhancements for drivers on the road. In this project, we use the accelerometer of an Android-based smartphone to record and analyze various driver behaviors and external road conditions that could potentially be hazardous to the health of the driver, the neighboring public, and the automobile. Effective use of these data can educate a potentially dangerous driver on how to safely and efficiently operate a vehicle. With real-time analysis and auditory alerts of these factors, we can increase a driver’s overall awareness to maximize safety.

A remote control is presented that enables finger disabled people to easily control various types of devices and appliances. It uses an Android smartphone, a Bluetooth/infrared conversion unit, and user gestures. Experimental evaluation demonstrated that it is easily usable by non-disabled people, except for the electronic program guide function.

As the age of the humans increase most of the people lose their eye sight nowadays, they face more problems in their daily routine life, one such example is persons with low visibility can’t operate mobiles in the emergency conditions whenever they need help from required persons, (requirement of doctor). Blinds also find problem while walking they faces problems of obstacle appearance in front of them which may be hazardous for them. It is impossible to make a blanket generalization about how the blind were treated in literature beyond that point – they were marvelous, gifted, evil, malicious, ignorant, wise, helpless, innocent, or burdensome depending upon who wrote the story – except to say that blindness is perceived to be such a loss that it leaves an indelible mark on a person’s character. To overcome these various problem faced by low sight and old aged people we have come up with an solution which helps them to walk freely and fulfill their requirements using speech reorganization and intimate to the person by text message with the area where the patient is, and calling to specified persons. This project also helps in monitoring the heart rate and body temperature smoke detection and intimation and one more added feature is sensing the darkness and illuminating the light/torch automatically.

In this project we present the design framework of a shopping assistant system to be used in supermarkets mainly by elderly or disabled people. The whole system is based on the interaction of three different kinds of electronic devices: a) mobile devices that users carry with them (smart phones or electronic tablets), b) autonomous mobile robots assisting users by displaying information and carrying groceries; and finally, c) the supermarket technological infrastructure (database servers, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth access points, etc.). These components interact through a common technological platform, allowing the user to prepare his/her shopping list, and then using it with the robot as an assistant, during his/her shopping process.

The design and development of a Zigbee smart noninvasive wearable physiological parameters monitoring device has been developed and reported in this project. The device detects if a person is medically distressed and sends an alarm to a receiver unit that is connected to a computer. This sets off an alarm, allowing help to be provided to the user. The device is battery powered for use outdoors. The device can be easily adapted to monitor athletes and infants. The low cost of the device will help to lower the cost of home monitoring of patients recovering from illness.

Wireless based industrial automation is a prime concern in our day-to-day life. The approach to Zigbee Based Wireless Network for Industrial Applications standardized nowadays. In this project, we have tried to increase these standards by combining new design techniques to wireless industrial automation. The personal computer based wireless network for industrial application using Zigbee can be adopted at micro and macro Industries, it has various types of Processors and Microcontrollers. Here Microcontrollers, Temperature Sensors, Zero crossing detector, Voltage regulators are used. The system is fully controlled by the Personal Computer through Visual Basics GUI (Graphical User Interface).The GUI is developed based on application by the user. All the processor and controllers are interconnected to personal computer through Zigbee. The Personal Computer will continuously monitor all the Data from remote processing unit and compare with value preloaded process structure. If any error is found the personal computer takes necessary action. Here star topology four node Zigbee network is tried. The first Zigbee is connected to the personal computer it acts as full function devices and is used to send and receive data from other nodes. The second, Zigbee are reduced function devices and they are used to control the speed of DC motor, temperature control and lamp illumination control respectively.

A traveler assistant for public transport is described in this project. The main purpose of this system is to provide to the passenger real time information about the route, for example: estimated time to the next stop of the route or estimated time to the traveler destination, also if desired, tourist information about nearby interesting points. The application is designed for all kind of passengers, but it is especially useful for travelers with special needs or for those who are unfamiliar with a public transport network, for example tourists. Based on Bluetooth and Android technologies, the assistant has a clear and intuitive user interface permitting to the users a friendly interaction with the system and breaking down the barrier to entry for those users not accustomed to work with mobile software applications.

We are developing the solar based air compressor by 8051 / PIC MCU. We are utilizing the solar energy to drive the air compressor so that we are utilizing the non-renewable energy resource. Here we are using the air compressor, MCU, Battery and Solar panel to develop this prototype solar based air compressor.

Our work aims at the unification of the three mentioned possibilities, creating an intelligent lamp post managed by a remote- controlled system which uses LED-based light sources and is powered by renewable energy (solar panel and battery). The first one, and perhaps the most intuitive, is the use of new technologies for the sources of light. In this area, light-emitting diode (LED) technology is the best solution because it offers any benefits. Researchers have already considered this possibility, designing an advanced street lighting system based on LEDs. The second possible solution, and perhaps the most revolutionary, is the use of a remote-control system based on intelligent lamp posts that send information to a central control system, thus simplifying management and maintenance issues. Researchers have developed a street lamp system using the general-packet radio service (GPRS), power-line carrier, or Global Systems for Mobile Communications (GSM) transmissions. Finally, the third possibility would be the use of renewable energy sources locally available, rather than conventional power sources, with a positive effect on the environment. Solar energy is the most important resource in this field.

Parents phone number and children’s finger prints are scanned and stored at the time of admission in the child tracking system of the school bus. Later when the academic year begins their finger prints are matched with previously stored templates. If there is a match child is allowed to board the bus. If the parent wishes to know their child’s position or the route which the bus is travelling, they have to send a message to the phone number given to them at the time of admission. On receiving the message child tracking system will verify whether the parent’s number has been registered. If the number is registered then it will send information of latitude and longitude of the bus position. Software available on the android phone of the parent will interface this latitude and longitude values to the Google map. Thus parent will get to know their child's position. Modules used are GPS, GSM, ARM, 89v51, Fingerprint scanner.

We are proposing a system through which electricity billing becomes fully automated and communication is made possible via wireless networks. In our system the central electricity company has immediate access to all consumers in a locality with the help of an RF network. The meter present in each house is connected by wireless network with the electricity company which gets updates from each meter. Each meter is all located a particular ID so that they can be uniquely identified. The electricity company, using a backend database calculates the amount to be paid according to the number of units consumed and bill amount and sends the units consumed and bill amount to the user’s mobile phone as SMS.

Water being one of the most important resources needs to be not just regulated, but also controlled. There is a scarcity of water, and water should reach not only the urban areas, but also remote areas. This project will thus have a control on the valves, and thereby a control on the water flows. Water plant monitoring and control system using ZIGBEE is to control and monitor to see if people consume excess amount of water or whether it is being stolen. Implementation of this project in a domestic area is to monitor and control the real time water flow to the houses, and intimation system along with safe and secure operations. One of the major applications is water distribution system.

This project designed using the PIC/AVR Microcontroller aids in the measurement and control of various Parameters (Voltage, Current, Temperature and Frequency) with Bluetooth Technology and provides an interface to the PC. This enables us to view and track the online changes encountered in the parameters. One of the main advantages of this project is, it allows us to view all the parameter readings simultaneously on the screen. The Graph drawn on the screen keeps on tracking the changes on the parameter.

Greenhouse measurement and control system is a complex system， it needs to various parameters in greenhouse automatic monitoring, information processing, real-time control and online optimization. The development of greenhouse measurement and control system has made considerable progress in the developed countries, and reached the multi-factors comprehensive control level, but if we introduce the foreign existing systems, the price is very expensive and maintenance isn’t convenient. In recent years, our country have launched many studies in aspects of greenhouse structure and control, and made a lot of achievements, but the greenhouse measurement and control system is mostly based on cable, so it is not only wiring complex, but also unfavorable to improve the system efficiency. With the rapid development of the low cost, low power sensor and wireless communication technology, the conditions that construct wireless greenhouse measurement and control system becomes mature, and it is important to realize agricultural modernization. The monitoring and management center can control the temperature and humidity of the greenhouse, measure the carbon dioxide content, and collect the information about intensity of illumination.

Technological advances which detect an obstacle or another moving vehicle and reduce the speed to minimum. If obstacle still comes near to the vehicle then it must stop the vehicle automatically. Additionally, alcohol detectors in vehicles are already in the process of implementing alcohol sensor can be incorporated into the driver's and passenger seats to detect the presence of alcohol in the air inside the vehicle cabin. When the alcohol-level detected is above the pre-determined threshold, the system automatically shuts vehicle. Moreover, certain sensitive zones, say a school zone, a hospital zone or a curve zone can be implanted with RF Transmitters and RF receivers placed within the vehicle in order to notify the driver of such zones and an automated system installed within the same vehicle to reduce speed or stop the horn in order to comply with the traffic rules of such areas.

The main objective of this project is to protect the vehicle from any unauthorized access, through entering a protected password and intimate the status of the same vehicle to the authorize person (owner) using Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication technology. The instrument is installed in the engine of the vehicle. An interfacing GSM modem is also connected to the microcontroller to send the message to the owner’s mobile.

In case the original user feels that the car/vehicle might be stolen; then in the response to the alert message the original user can send an SMS to the car informing it that it has indeed being stolen and it should take actions to prevent it from being stolen. Once the car comes to know that the car is being stolen, it will try and inform the user that there is some problem with the internals of the vehicle and it should slow down the speed. After some time the car will automatically lock the doors from inside so that the thief is trapped, Cuts off the engine so that the vehicle comes to a complete stop and then the car initiates an audio visual alarm informing all that the car is stolen. At such times the nearby people should be able to nab the culprit. There are also incidents when we might have parked the vehicle in the parking lot and some heavy crane can pick it up and carry away (typically by police in No Parking Zones).The smart car is fitted with a mechanism which will continuously keep looking out for a particular distance between the road and the chassis of the car and incase the distance becomes more than the permissible value, then the vehicle automatically sends an SMS to the user informing about the same.

As the goal of this project, we see a device that can detect child as well as the child’s location and inform them to the concerned parents. Now days the parents can’t monitoring Childs every time because of their schedule and their work so we have designed new implementation. This process is done with the help of GSM/GPS technology. The GPS technology is used to indicate the child’s location and the GSM technology is used for SMS to the concerned parents.

Any patient in the ICU needs for constant monitoring of their Heartbeat and Body Temperature. This project is used in the ICU or in operation Theaters to identify the heart Beat of the patient. The sensor used for this detection can he simply housed on the patient’s finger. The sensor detects pumping of the heart and produces a voltage output. This is then transferred to the computer. In the computer the output is plotted with respect to the real time to the heart beat rate. The Heartbeat Rate per minute is also given on the computer. This information can be stored on the computer and can be used to analyze a status of the patient. The main advantage of this project is the heartbeats are transferred to the computer through wireless.

Due to the fast development of the industrialization and urbanization process in the world, the various issues of air pollution are appearing, and most of all are health-related issues. So there is a need to focus on this problem by our society. Here we reviews the development of the technology of air pollution monitoring, point out the shortages of the current monitoring technology, and bring forward the advantage of the technology of the Zigbee based wireless sensor network in air pollution monitoring, discusses the GIS (Geographic information System) technology, focusing on the requirements of air pollution monitoring system.

This Voice Control robot is designed to automatically move to a particular direction as dictated by the person. The Voice commands are processed by the Voice Recognition device and the converted commands are sent to the controller. The controller has a Wireless RF Interface to the Rover to control the movement of the rover.

The aim of the reported Wireless Home Automation System (WHAS) is to provide those with special needs with a system that can respond to voice commands and control the on/off status of electrical devices, such as lamps, fans, television etc, in the home and electrical appliances in a home or office using voice commands. The system consists of voice recognition kit, indoor Zigbee communication kit etc.

Here is a microcontroller based wireless equipment controller that can switch on or off up to four devices at a desired time interval set by the user in the transmitter. The devices can be controlled remotely from distance up to 5 meters (prototype) from the transmitter. In the transmitter, an LCD module is used to show the device.

This project is used to monitor the remote petroleum oil field tanks status by using wireless communication based on embedded technology. In our project designed for to provide the wireless security for remote petroleum tanks by using compact embedded security sensors. Here we have to use multiple sensors to monitor the petroleum tank status like wireless oil well shutdown alarm, oil well power failure alarm, oil well running, oil theft and some wireless night patrol point are used to provide the security of this each petroleum bank.This project split into two sections to provide the automation of wireless security system. One is that wireless remote transmitter section and another one is that wireless central monitoring system.This transmitter section was placed on each remote petrol tank and the receiver central unit was placed on central monitoring area. This wireless transmitter section was contain wireless oil well shutdown alarm, oil well power failure alarm, oil well running, and oil theft checking alarm and wireless night patrol point also. The core of a wireless transmitter and some launchers adopt advanced embedded technology.The second level is consisting of a wireless receiver and a wireless alarm controller in the system. The function of a wireless receiver can receive the information of some front-end remote transmitters.

Here we have developed a system to find the theft of electricity and transfer it to EB. Our Project Comprises of the below mentioned units. The Normal Load represents the Normal Usage and Theft Load indicates the theft usage. A relay is connected to the normal load. Using the Current Transformer we can measure the current consumed by the loads. So when we disconnect the supply of the normal load through the relay the current measurement should read as zero. But if Still there is current consumption the we can know that the Power is theft power. This can be sent to a remote EB station through a Wireless Communication.

The purpose of our project is to design a robot that can be controlled using a GUI from a PC and can also transmit images back to the PC using wireless communication. A camera was mounted on the robot and two motors were used to move it vertically or horizontally. The movement of our robot is controlled by two Stepper/Geared motors. The overall system is controlled by PIC/8051 microcontrollers. Two RF links were used for the wireless communication part of the project. One to command the robot and the next to transmit video signals.

The project aims at designing a voice based control of dc motor. In this project we are controlling ONHome automation can move from currently limited implementations that today are designed primarily for the hobbyist and high- end homes to the higher volume products in the mainstream market.Zigbee technology provides an affordable and standards based approach to home automation, which allows for robust, but simple and cost effective solutions to be developed that can provide increased convenience, efficiency and safety for the average home owner. The Home Automation Profile supports a variety of devices for the home including lighting, heating and cooling, and even window blind control. Zigbee technology and the Home Automation profile provide interoperability from different vendors that allow a greater range of control and integration of different devices in the home. For example, a home security system, along with its basic monitoring functions can be expanded to provide status and control of home lighting when entering and exiting a home.

Home automation can move from currently limited implementations that today are designed primarily for the hobbyist and high- end homes to the higher volume products in the mainstream market.Zigbee technology provides an affordable and standards based approach to home automation, which allows for robust, but simple and cost effective solutions to be developed that can provide increased convenience, efficiency and safety for the average home owner. The Home Automation Profile supports a variety of devices for the home including lighting, heating and cooling, and even window blind control. Zigbee technology and the Home Automation profile provide interoperability from different vendors that allow a greater range of control and integration of different devices in the home. For example, a home security system, along with its basic monitoring functions can be expanded to provide status and control of home lighting when entering and exiting a home.

In this project we developed a Zigbee based wireless weather station monitoring system based on embedded system technology. The main objective of this project is to derive the statistical information about the abnormal geological and atmospheric conditions and send data to weather stations. The temperature, light and Humidity are measured using a microcontroller. Here PIC/AVR microcontroller is used in the place of our normal 8051 microcontroller.

The function of a greenhouse is to create the optimal growing conditions for the full lifecycle of the plants. Using autonomous measuring stations helps to monitor all the necessary Parameters for creating the optimal environment in the greenhouse. This project deals with the implementation of mobile measuring station in greenhouse environment. It introduces a wireless sensor network that was used for the purpose of measuring and controlling the greenhouse application. Continuous advancements in wireless technology and miniaturization have made the deployment of sensor networks to monitor various aspects of the environment increasingly flexible

According to Chinese forested area feature and traffic conditions, as to forest fires happen characters, the positioning and tracing system for all terrain forest fire patrolling and fighting vehicle is designed in this paper. Using GPS for fire location and arrange fireman could get high precision and safety, and could detect position and range timely and quickly. Those could provide fire basis for interrelated department. Constructions choosing of ATV and software design are introduced in this paper, then combination map with GPS to realize the tracing and positioning for ATV.

Speed is one of the basic reasons for vehicle accident. Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and reach in time. Nowadays, GPS has become an integral part of a vehicle system. This paper proposes to utilize the capability of a GPS receiver to monitor speed of a vehicle and detect accident basing on monitored speed and send accident location to an Alert Service Center. The GPS will monitor speed of a vehicle and compare with the previous speed in every second through a Microcontroller Unit. Whenever the speed will be below the specified speed, it will assume that an accident has occurred. The system will then send the accident location acquired from the GPS along with the time and the speed by utilizing the GSM network. This will help to reach the rescue service in time and save the valuable human life.

In this project, a system is presented which supports mobile assisted living by combining the advantages of smart sensors, GPS and GSM technology. The system can detect abnormal situations with the person wearing the wearable part of the system (e.g. abnormal heart rate) and send this information to the nursing home so that appropriate action can be taken immediately. The information sent by the system to the nursing home includes the current location of the person on the earth in the form of longitude and latitude.

In this fast moving world, new technologies have been evolved for every second for our human life style improvement. There have enormous advancement in automobile technologies already and still to come. Because of these technologies, now we are enjoying the necessary comfort and safety. But there are lots of accidents happening now-a-days. It is because of increased vehicle density, violation of rules and carelessness. India ranks fifth in the road accidents over the world. We have the objective to minimize the road accidents due to above mentioned facts in real time using embedded systems platform in low cost. In our project, we proposed few concepts to minimize the accidents due to violating rules and carelessness.

In this project, a low-power consumption remote home security alarm system developed by applying GSM technology is presented. It can detect the theft, leaking of raw gas and fire, and send alarm message remotely.

This project demonstrates the concept of “Zigbee Based Wireless Sensor Network in Water Irrigation Control Monitoring System”. It is time consuming and need of manual application on a irrigation system to control the pumping the water to the farm filed. Using this Zigbee based wireless technology we can control the pumping of the water according to condition of the soil at the remote location.

This project is based on implementation of new methodologies to achieve energy efficiency via two way interaction. Improved measurement technology by displaying all per phase information on LCD at the meter side, automatic meter reading, power quality and exported energy measuring capability, energy and cost forecasting for better energy conservation are the key methodologies of this research. The digital meter was developed, PIC/AVR microcontroller and real time clock IC. The data are sent to a remote server via SMS using GSM module. The server handles the incoming SMS, processes, displays and stores the required information. Energy consumption and its cost, average daily energy consumption and cost prediction for the month are calculated in the server side.

Recently, intelligent systems for agricultural production are being developed for safe and low cost food production. Plant factory provide high yield by growing multiple crops and making efficient use of land and resources. Plant growth is facilitated by maintaining humidity, temperature, CO2 concentration and light intensity and these factors need to be monitored and maintained for an automated system. In this paper, we have proposed a control system for a LED based plant factory consisting of ZigBee wireless mesh network, and remote monitoring via Internet. Field sensors are installed for monitoring environmental conditions and power metering and ZigBee mesh network has been deployed for data acquisition from these sensors. ZigBee nodes transfer the field data to the coordinator node which also serves as a gateway node providing interoperability between TCP/IP network and ZigBee Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). A major novelty of the system is the use of LED lighting instead of fluorescent lighting due to its low power consumption, long life and useful narrow band. LED lighting system provides an efficient and economical lighting system that facilitates plant growth by varying light intensity and frequency according to light conditions and growing requirements and also helps in reducing production costs and speeding growth. Prototype of the proposed system has been installed in a small part of greenhouse. Data acquisition and remote management of the system has shown very satisfactory performance.

You can switch on/off devices using your mobile phone or land line numbers loads can be connected to the relay provided. Not only you can switch on /off devices it will also dial out a telephone number in case of security threat or any safety or protection parameters goes beyond safety limit. In case of any of the above, for ex. Temperature of the machinery has gone beyond safety limit, the device will first switch off the plant and dials out the presorted telephone number and delivers the emergency message. It will dial out for five times at the interval of one minute and again monitor the parameters, and if the parameters are not within limit again it will dial out. This cycle will repeat until the parameters become normal.

The objective of this project is to design load shedding system by making use of microcontroller. The microcontroller gets the input data from the keyboard i.e. number of loads to be shed and the duration of load shedding. The LCD display is used display the data which entered by the key board. The microcontroller will switch OFF the specified load/s for specified period of time.

In this project we are switching and controlling the street lights. Switching ON and OFF is done by sending by SMS, but our system is too smart ,this is whenever it receives SMS ,it checks the light intensity then its going to switch and depending upon the light intensity the street light brightness is going to vary.

The main objective of this project is to develop signaling unit to indicate the type of zone to the vehicle and to control the vehicle speed. Every zone like school, highway and etc may have a transmitter tag to transmit the zone information by RF signal. This signal should be received by the vehicles and accordingly varies the speed of the vehicle. In practical, an actuator may be used to control the throttle of the vehicle. But to show the demo module here we used a DC motor, and varying the speed of it.

The project consists of two parts i.e. Control Panel and Remote controller. The Remote controller design is based on 8051 Microcontroller. The 8051 (DIP IC) makes the remote controller design as simple & compact. The remote control has a small keypad, which is used to control the equipments. The key pressed by the user is read by the microcontroller. The key value is send to the DTMF (Dual Tone Multi-Frequency) encoder. The encoder generates voice tone for that particular key value. The Tone is modulated (AM) with Carrier Frequency (433MHZ) and transmitted using RF module. The control panel design is based on 8051 Microcontroller. It is designed in such way to control different equipment / Appliance using Relays. Also this Panel produces one variable Power source, which can be used to vary the speed of any Motor / Fan.

Water level in a dam needs to be maintained effectively to avoid complications. This is generally performed manually which requires full time supervision by the operators & have fairly large staff complements. Moreover, the quantity of water released is hardly ever correct resulting in wastage of water & it is impossible for a man to precisely control the gates without the knowledge of exact water level and water inflow rate. The main objective of this project is to develop a Mechatronics based system, which will detect the level of water and thereby the movement of gates can be controlled in a real-time basis which offers more flexibility.

The conventional system of marking attendance is manually entering attendance in the register and entering the data to the campus automation software. This require lots of time. Our system proposes automated attendance marking system. This system consists of an attendance entering device (transmitter) and a main server (receiver). Using this method the data are entered directly into the automation software. The system is simple, easy to operate and the data is more secure. The system was tailor made for automated logging of attendance in schools and colleges.